赵雅静 成海容 刘炼锋等

摘要：根据咸宁市6个气象站1960年12月至2013年2月霾天气人工观测资料，运用趋势系数统计和小波分析等方法，分析了咸宁市近53年来霾日数的气候特征。结果表明，咸宁市霾日数中间多南北少，丘陵地区多于沿江地区，年平均霾日数赤壁最多，达16.7 d，嘉鱼最少，仅1.5 d。除赤壁外，其他县市年霾日数呈减弱趋势。霾日数冬季最多，占全年的47.7%，春季、秋季次之，分别占全年的25.7%和20.5%，夏季最少，仅占全年的6.1%。咸宁市区霾日12月和1月最多，平均分别达2.1 d和1.8 d，6、7月最少，7月仅0.1 d，有近94%的年份都在6月没有出现霾天气。咸宁市区霾日数总体呈下降趋势，但阶段性明显，20世纪70年代初期是霾日数急剧上升阶段，至80年代初期维持较高的霾日数，存在着2～4年的显著周期。

关键词：霾；气候特征；趋势系数；小波分析

中图分类号：X16；X513 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）14-3407-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.14.019

Analysis of Climatic Charcteristic of Dusthaze in Xianning from 1960 to 2013

ZHAO Ya-jing1，CHENG Hai-rong2，LIU Lian-feng1，PENG Xi-can1

（1.Meteorological Bureau of Xianning， Hubei Province， Xianning 437100， Hubei， China；

2.Department of Environmental Engineering， School of Resource and Environmental Science， Wuhan University， Wuhan 430079， China）

Abstract： Based on the daily observed data of Xianning meteorological station from December 1960 to February 2013， the climatic characteristic of dusthaze was investigated. The results showed that， fisrtly， it indicated a pattern that north and south appeared the least days of dusthaze， but the most in the central area in the past 53 years， especially appearing in hilly area. From averaging data， dusthaze day happened most frequently in Chibi， followed by Xianning and the least in Jiayu which was a county closed to Yangtze River. The variation was large in different counties， but it showed a decreased trend of dusthaze day except in Chibi area. Secondly， the dusthaze day was more easily happened in winter （December to February）， which ocuupied 47.7% of the whole year， followed by spring （25.7%） and autumn （20.5%）， and it happened the least in summer （6.1%）. Thirdly， the dusthaze day appeared mostly in December， reaching up to 2.1 days meanly in Xianning， 1.8 days in January. And July was the least month happening dusthaze， meanly 0.1 day， and it rarely appeared dusthaze in June. Fourthly， it showed a decreased trend of dusthaze day in Xianning. There was a increasing trend in 1970s， and it lasted to the initial stage of 1980s. There was a significant cycle of 2～4 years.

Key words： dusthaze； climatic characteristic； trend coefficient； wavelet analysis

随着城市发展，空气质量状况越来越引起人们的关注，特别是城市中霾的出现严重影响了人们的生活。霾是一种对视程造成障碍的天气现象， 其组成成分包括数百种大气颗粒物以及空中悬浮物、直径小于10 μm的气溶胶粒子，对健康造成严重的 威胁[1]。大量极细微的干尘粒均匀地浮游在空中，使水平能见度小于10 km，造成空气普遍浑浊[2]，国际组织称这种现象为“亚洲棕色云”。严重的霾使大气能见度降低，这些气体在紫外线的作用下，发生光热化学反应，产生一种新的光化学烟雾，具有很大毒性，对人体有强烈的刺激作用，长期处于这种环境下有诱发肺癌的危险[3-5]。……