黔北喀斯特山地黄杉林群落及种群结构研究
2015-09-02李明刚谢双喜
李明刚 谢双喜
摘 要: 黄杉是贵州北部地区亚热带喀斯特山地森林生态系统的一个重要组分。本文对贵州北部地区的黄杉群落及种群结构进行了分析,结果表明该黄杉林群落在树种组成上,是由典型的喀斯特树种所形成的针阔混交林,并且在特殊的生境中,黄杉种群有较宽的生态位,黄杉可在乔木层中形成优势种群。黄杉由于其自身的生物生态学特性, 在种群分布的格局上,多为集群分布,人为干扰造成的林窗有利于黄杉的天然更新。
关键词:喀斯特山地;黄杉;群落;种群;生态位
中图分类号:S718.4 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2015.09.035
Study on Community and Population Structure of Pseudotsuga sinensis Forest in Karst Mountainous Region of Guizhou Province
LI Ming-gang1,XIE Shuang-xi2
(1.Forrstry Investigation and Planning Institute of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003,China; 2. College of Forestry,Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025,China)
Abstract: Pseudotsuga sinensis is an important composition of tropical karst mountain forest system in north Guizhou Province. The structures of community and population of Pseudotsuga sinensis are studied in the paper. The results showed that Pseudotsuga sinensis forest was the mixed conifer and broadleaf forest composed of typical Karst trees, and Pseudotsuga sinensis had a wide niche to hold a dominated position of tree layers in the special habitat. The distribution patterns of the population presented mainly an aggregated pattern due to its ecological and biological characters. The forest gap by human disturbance make the easy natural regeneration for Pseudotsuga sinensis .
Key words: Karst mountainous region; Pseudotsuga sinensis; community; population; niche
黄杉(Pseudotsuga sinensis)俗名红杉,松科黄杉属常绿乔木,是中国特有树种,为国家二级保护植物。黄杉作为第三纪遗留的古老树种,自然分布于湖北、湖南、四川、重庆、贵州、云南等地,多生于海拔800~2 600 m的中山地带,在山坡上部及山脊处较集中,有时成小片的纯林。该种对中高山适应性较强,耐干旱、瘠薄,在当风山脊生长良好,是亚热带山地良好的水源涵养林木,也是人工造林的优良树种。
贵州省是黄杉的主要分布区之一,主要分布在威宁、赫章、盘县、湄潭、松桃等地区,望谟、荔波、道真、三穗、桐梓、雷公山、德江、黎平、毕节等地也有零星分布。
黄杉适应性强,生长较快。黄杉喜光,最适宜于温暖湿润夏季多雨的地区。黄杉耐旱、耐寒能力强,适生于年平均气温12~18 ℃,1月份平均气温1 ℃以上,绝对最低气温在-10 ℃以上,年降雨量在700 mm 以上的地区。黄杉要求土质湿润肥沃,土层深厚,酸性至中性沙壤土、壤土及红壤,在石灰岩山地也能生长[1]。……
