培育社会资本建设效能政府
2015-08-29何君安
摘 要: 在中国,行政效能一直是各级政府最关心和重视的目标,各级政府在提高行政效能方面也有一套比较熟稔的做法。然而,效能高并不等于效果好。在现代社会利益分化、价值多元的背景下,真正效能高且效果好的政府必须要善于发挥社会和市场自身的功能。而社会和市场是否能够有效配置资源、政府是否能够得到公众的信任和支持,都需要培育社会资本。社会资本具有提高社会信任程度、促进社会合作、降低交易费用、减少投机行为的作用,能够促进社会和市场正向配置资源,为政府施政创造良好条件。可以从三方面培育社会资本:一是建立严格的社会信用制度;二是切实保证政府自身的廉洁、公正;三是大力发展各类社会组织,提高社会的自组织程度。
关键词: 社会资本; 信任; 政府效能
中图分类号: D60 文献标识码: A DOI:10.13411/j.cnki.sxsx.2015.03.012
To Cultivate Social Capital and Raise Administrative Efficiency
HE Jun-an
(School of Public Management, Northwest University, Xian 710127, China )
Abstract: In China, administrative effiency and capacity is the primary goal of governments at all levels and all the time. Governments have had a series of measures to realize the goal. Hovever, high administrative efficiency and powerful administrative capacity dont mean a good effect at any circument. In modern society, the government has to find solutions of getting high effiency and good effect from the society field, to cultivate social capital is one way. Social captial has a series of good functions, such as to increase social trust, to promote social cooperation, to reduce transaction costs, and lays a solid foundation for a successful public administration. There are three ways to cultivate social capital. First, to establish and complete a strict social credit system. Second, to build an honest government and punish corruption. Third, to vigorously develop all kinds of social organizations so to raise organizational degree of the society.
Key words: social capital; trust; adiministration efficiency
一、培育社会资本是实现效能政府的必经之路
(一)政府效能的实现路径
所谓政府效能,按照一般的理解,即政府贯彻上级或自身的意图,落实政策目标的效率和能力。在中国现行体制下,无疑是各级政府最关心的事情。贯彻政策的效率高、能力强也被普遍认为是中国体制的显著特点。黄仁宇先生曾指出中国自古便形成了一种“间架性设计”的体制和思想。“间架性设计是来自标准化的要求,这种方式影响此后3000年的中国政治。它意味着国家和社会结构是可以人为创造出来的,同时也导致上层设计的形式远比下层运作的实质更为重要的统治习惯。……
