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膝重度骨关节炎TKA中对胫骨平台骨缺损处理的临床研究

2015-08-29金培程唐本森

中外医疗 2015年14期
关键词:临床研究

金培程 唐本森

[摘要] 目的 探讨重度骨关节炎患者全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)中胫骨平台骨缺损的处理及其临床疗效。 方法 回顾性分析贵阳医学院附属医院(以下简称该院)2013年3月—2015年01月期间行全膝关节置换术合并胫骨平台骨缺损的患者45例,分别比较其术前、术后1个月、6个月及1年膝关节HSS评分、膝关节屈伸度、术后疼痛程度及并发症的发生率。 结果 各个时间点(术后1个月、术后6个月、术后1年)患者膝关节主动屈曲、被动屈曲、主动伸直、被动伸直的角度各项指标较术前相比均有好转,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者治疗前后HSS评分,TKA术后1个月HSS评分较术前提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后6个月及术后1年HSS评分较术前相比显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。其中5例患者发生DVT,发生率为11.1%,2例患者伴有下肢肿胀疼痛,经口服华法林治疗3个月后,症状消失。 结论 在TKA术中对胫骨平台骨缺损进行妥善处理可使重度关节炎患者疼痛减轻、膝关节活动度得到恢复,是治疗重度膝关节炎的有效手段,可在临床推广使用。

[关键词] 膝重度骨关节炎;胫骨平台;骨缺损;全膝关节置换术;临床研究

[中图分类号] R59 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2015)05(b)-0019-03

Treatment of Tibial Plateau Bone Defect in Total Knee Arthroplasty

JIN Pei-cheng,TANG Ben-sen

Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang,Gouzhou Province,550000 China

[Abstract] Objective To discuss the treatment of tibial plateau bone defect in TKA (total knee arthroplasty) for patients with severe osteoarthritis and its clinical efficacy. Methods The clinical data of 45 patients with tibial plateau bone defect, who were admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University and underwent total knee arthroplasty between March 2013 and January 2015, were retrospectively analyzed. The HSS scores, incidence of knee flexion and extension of the postoperative pain and complications of 1 month before operation ,that of 1 month after operation, that of 6 month after operation and that of 1-year after operation were compared. Results The indicators of active knee flexion, passive flexion, active extension, passive straight angle of each time points(1 month after operation ,6 month after operation,1-year after operation) was better than before ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). 1 month after TKA surgery, HSS scores improved significantly than that before treatment ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); Both HSS scores of 6 months after operation and that of 1 year after operation were better than before, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Of all the 45 patients, DVT occurred in 5(11.1%) and lower limb swelling and pain occurred in 2.All the the symptoms of the 7 patients disappeared after three months of oral warfarin therapy. Conclusion Proper handling of tibial plateau bone defect in TKA surgery can relief the pain of patients with severe arthritis and restore knee activity. So it is an effective means of treatment of severe knee osteoarthritis and can be used in clinical practice.

[Key words] Severe knee osteoarthritis; Tibial plateau; Bone defect; Total knee arthroplasty; Clinical Research

自进入21世纪以来,随着手术器械更新与技术提高、假体设计、新材料的发展,全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)在更大年龄范围,更多疾病中得到了推广使用。目前,我们逐渐进入了老龄化社会,骨性关节炎的发病率逐渐上升,有研究显示[1-3],60岁以上的人群中,近一半的老人在X片上有骨性关节炎的表现,其中30%~50%的临床表现,75岁以上的老年人患病率为80%,其中有50%的存在肿胀、疼痛,甚至畸形,致残率高达53%。全膝关节置换术对于保守治疗无效的严重骨性关节炎患者无疑是福音,然而对于严重膝内外翻畸形的患者通常会出现胫骨近端骨缺损,由于骨缺损导致TKA置换手术患难加大,是导致患者TKA手术失败的主要原因[4]。该研究回顾性分析了2013年3月—2015年1月在该院行TKA手术并合胫骨平台骨缺损的全部患者45例,探讨重度骨关节炎患者全膝关节置换术中胫骨平台骨缺损的处理及其临床疗效,现报道如下。……

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