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梵净山小口白甲鱼消化系统组织学研究

2015-08-13樊均德等

湖北农业科学 2015年12期

樊均德等

摘要:采用HE染色法研究了小口白甲鱼(Onychostoma lini)消化系统的组织结构特点。结果表明,小口白甲鱼体型小,口小下位,下颌具角质边缘。食道和肠道由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜层组成。肠道细而长, 比肠长(肠长与体长之比)大于2.0;小口白甲鱼的口咽腔上皮细胞中有杯状细胞排列,鳃耙细密发达。食道的输送食物能力和肠的消化吸收能力较强,小口白甲鱼属于以刮食为主的偏植食性鱼类。其消化道组织结构与食性一致。

关键词:梵净山;小口白甲鱼(Onychostoma lini);消化系统;组织学

中图分类号:Q174;S917.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)12-2971-04

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.12.042

Histological Study of Digestive System of Onychostoma lini in Fanjingshan Mountain

FAN Jun-de1a,1b, Mei Jie1a,1b,Deng Xia2,Chen Jing2,XU Qin-zhi1a,1b,Shen Zheng-xiong1a,1b,1c

(1.Tongren University,a. Colleage of Biological and Agro-forestry Engineering;b. Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aqualculture;c. Colleage of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren 554300, Guizhou China;2. Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve Administration, Jiangkou 554400, Guizhou, China)

Abstract: HE stain was performed to study the characteristics of the histological structure of the digestive system of Onychostoma lini. The results showed that O. lini is a small size fish species, its mouth is very small,and the mandibular is a horny edge.The walls of oesophagus and intestine based on their length, consist of mucosa,submucosa, muscular coat, and serosa.Intestine was thin,intestine length/body length>2.0; Some goblet cells scattered throughout the epithelium of cavum, Gill rakers are slender and densely lined.The ability of food delivery of esophagus and digestive and absorptive ability of intestine was almost very well. These histological features indicate that Onychostoma lini was herbivorous fish. The histological structures of digestive tracts is consistent to feeding habits.

Key words: Fanjingshan moutain;Onychostoma lini; digestive system; histology

小口白甲鱼(Onychostoma lini)属于鲤形目(Cypriniformes)鲤科(Cyprinidae)鲃亚科(Barbinae)白甲鱼属(Varicorhinus),主要分布于沅江水系、珠江水系和闽江水系,是贵州省梵净山国家级自然保护区的重要名优经济鱼类。目前,对小口白甲鱼的研究主要局限于形态学、地理分布、染色体核型分析等,但近年来有学者开始使用分子生物学方法研究其遗传多样性,如代应贵等[1]研究了mtDNA D环的序列变异及遗传多样性;韩雪[2]研究了小口白甲鱼核型及mtDNA多样性;Greene[3]、Babkin等[4]、Dawes[5]分别研究了鲑鱼,青鳉、比目鱼的消化系统组织学特点;孟庆闻等[6]、林浩然[7]研究了白鲢、鲤鱼的消化系统解剖,但是对于种质资源正濒临灭绝的小口白甲鱼[8]的消化系统的研究未见报道。本研究采用HE染色法比较研究小口白甲鱼消化系统的组织结构特点,可丰富鱼类消化系统组织学研究内容,为人工养殖及保护提供参考资料。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

2011年7月~2012年6月,于贵州省梵净山及周边地区采集了小口白甲鱼鲜活个体16尾(图1)。

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