程琳等

摘要：针对西瓜[Citrullus lanatus（Thunb.）Matsum.et Nakai]渍害胁迫，采用大田试验方法，研究了施用氧肥对西瓜在渍害胁迫下平作和垄作2种不同种植方式的生理特性、果实品质和产量的影响。结果表明，开花坐果期渍害胁迫对2种种植方式的西瓜生长都有抑制作用，但对垄作西瓜的影响较小，且氧肥对垄作渍害的缓解作用也最明显。施用氧肥的处理比单独淹水的平作和垄作处理其西瓜叶片的SOD活性分别提高了7.9%和9.3%，POD活性分别提高了15.0%和20.0%，MDA含量分别降低了25.9%和31.4%，叶绿素含量分别提高了40.3%和25.4%，西瓜果实维生素C、还原糖、瓜氨酸含量分别提高了14.8 %、8.5%、9.1%和15.6%、8.8%、8.8%，产量分别提高了8.5%和10.5%。表明氧肥可以有效提高西瓜对渍害胁迫的耐受性，并能改善品质，提高产量。但不同种植方式施用氧肥的效果存在差异，垄作结合施用氧肥处理对缓解西瓜渍害胁迫的效果更明显一些。

关键词：渍害胁迫；西瓜[Citrullus lanatus（Thunb.）Matsum.et Nakai]；氧肥；垄作；平作

中图分类号：Q945.78；S651；S143.91 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）12-2939-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.12.033

Effects of Oxygen Fertilizer on the Physiological Characteristics，Yield and Quality of Citrullus lanatus under Waterlogging Stress

CHENG Lin1，CAO Peng2，LIU Zhang-yong1，GONG Shi-fei1，JIN Tao1

（1. College of Agriculture， Yangtze University， Jingzhou 434025， Hubei， China；

2. Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Hubei Provincial Department of Agriculture， Wuhan 430065， China）

Abstract： To solve the problem of waterlogging stress during the watermelon[Citrullus lanatus （Thunb.）Matsum. et Nakai] production， a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of applying oxygen fertilizer on physiological levels，yield and quality of watermelon in both ridge planting and flat planting patterns under waterlogging. Results showed that waterlogging event at flowering fruiting period inhibited the watermelon growth in both planting patterns. And applying oxygen fertilizer could reduce the damage of waterlogging stress on watermelon. Compared with the waterlogging only treatment， the activities of SOD and POD of leaves were increased by 7.9%，15.0%，and 9.3%，20.0%， and the contents of MDA of leaves significantly decreased by 25.9% and 31.4%，and the contents of chlorophyll of leaves significantly increased by 40.3% and 25.4% in the treatments of applying oxygen fertilizer in ridge planting and flat planting patterns， respectively. After applying oxygen fertilizer，the contents of VC，reducing sugar and citrulline in watermelon fruits were increased by 14.8%，8.5%，9.1% and 15.6%，8.8%，8.8%，and the production was significantly increased by 8.5% and 10.5 % in ridge planting and flat planting patterns，respectively， compare with waterlogging only treatment. So applying oxygen fertilizer could improve the patience of watermelon to the waterlogging stress， while improving quality and increase production. And the effect of applying oxygen fertilizer on watermelon in the ridge planting was better than flat planting pattern.

Key words：waterlogging stress；watermelon[Citrullus lanatus（Thunb.）Matsum.et Nakai]；oxygen fertilizer；ridge planting；flat planting

西瓜[Citrullus lanatus（Thunb.）Matsum.et Nakai]是一种经济价值较高的农作物，在中国南方已经成为很大的产业。不过由于西瓜起源于非洲，属于耐旱植物，自身缺乏有效的耐涝机制，对淹水非常敏感；而中国南方由于季节降雨集中且量大，常造成农田积水，导致西瓜渍害时常发生，尤其是在排水不畅和土壤黏滞区域更为突出，严重制约了西瓜的稳定生产。现在国内外已经在氧肥（核心材料为过氧化钙）的制备与应用上做了一系列的研究，发现过氧化钙施入田中做基肥可以提高西瓜、大豆……