CO2气肥对北方棚室蒜薹生长发育及品质的影响
2015-08-13王向鹤等
王向鹤等
摘要:以大蒜(Allium sativum L.)蒜薹为研究对象,通过测定蒜薹生长发育和生理生化的的各项指标,以此评价施用不同浓度CO2气肥对北方棚室蒜薹生长发育和品质的影响。结果表明,CO2气肥浓度为1 000 mL/m3时株高和假茎粗达到最高水平,分别为341 mm和4.98 mm。CO2气肥浓度为1 200 mL/m3时叶宽达11.28 mm,最有利于叶片发育,并且蒜薹叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C含量最高,分别为59、15.6%、6.9 mg/g、312 μg/g,分别比空白对照提高了7.3%、83.0%、35.6%、97.5%。游离氨基酸含量在CO2气肥浓度为800 mL/m3时达到最高,为2.75 mg/g,比对照提高了34.8%。蒜薹的干物质含量在CO2气肥浓度为1 000 mL/m3时最高,为12.16%,比对照高5.2%。施用CO2气肥可显著提高蒜薹的产量,在CO2气肥浓度为1 200 mL/m3时产量达到最高,为4.75 kg/m2,比对照高23.2%。大蒜素含量在CO2气肥浓度分别为800、1 600 mL/m3时达到较高水平,分别比对照提高了17%、5%。总之,在北方棚室内施用CO2气肥可以显著促进蒜薹生长发育及营养物质的积累,施肥的最佳浓度为1 000~1 200 mL/m3。
关键词:CO2气肥;北方棚室;大蒜(Allium sativum L.);蒜薹;生长发育;品质
中图分类号:S145.3;S625.5;S633.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)12-2919-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.12.028
The Effect of CO2 Gas Fertilizer on Growth and Quality
of Garlic Scape in Northern Greenhouse
WANG Xiang-he1,2, PEI Zhan-jiang2, WANG Su2, GAO Ya-bing2, ZHU Hong-yan1, YAN Hong1, LIU Jie2
(1.College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering/Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China;
2. Rural Energy Insititute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China)
Abstract: The effects of concentration of CO2 gas fertilizer on growth and quality of garlic(Allium sativum L.) scape were studied by determining the development and physiological-biochemical index. Results showed that when CO2 gas fertilizer concentration was at 1 000 mL/m3, the plant height and pseudostem diameter was the highest(341 mm and 4.98 mm respectively). Leaf width was 11.28 mm when CO2 gas fertilizer concentration was at 1 200 mL/m3, which was the best for leaf development; and chlorophyll(SPAD), soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C was 59, 15.6%, 6.9 mg/g, 312 μg/g, respectively, increased by 7.3%, 83.0%, 35.6% and 97.5% than the control group. Free amino was promoted by 34.8% at 800 mL/m3, increasing to 2.75 mg/g. Dry substance of garlic scape was increased by 5.2% at 1 200 mL/m3; while the production of garlic scape was improved by 23.2, reaching to 4.75 kg/m2. Allicin was increased by 17% and 5% at 800 mL/m3 and 1 600 mL/m3 respectively. In conclusion, the growth and nutrients accumulation of garlic scape could be remarkably promoted by applying CO2 gas fertilizer with the best concentration at 1 000 to 1 200 mL/m3.
Key words: CO2 gas fertilizer; northern greenhouse; Allium sativum L.; garlic scape; growth; quality
CO2是植物进行光合作用的重要原料,其与植物体内有机物的合成有关,在一定范围内植物的光合速率与CO2浓度呈正相关关系,即CO2浓度越大,光合效率越强,则产量越高[1]。在中国北方,棚室蔬菜生长常常受到气温、光照、湿度、空气等环境条件的影响,尤其是生产上大量使用的日光温室又是一个相对封闭的生产环境,与外界气体交换较少,造成环境中的CO2严重不足,使得棚室蔬菜常处于CO2饥饿状态,加上光合效率偏低,营养物质积累较慢,产量和品质往往低下[2,3]。……
