春油菜田旱雀麦对常用除草剂的敏感性研究
2015-08-13翁华
翁华
摘要:采用室内和田间小区试验,测定春油菜田旱雀麦(Bromus tectorum L.)对108 g/L高效盖草能EC、5%精喹禾灵EC、240 g/L烯草酮EC 3种常用除草剂的敏感性。室内研究结果表明,旱雀麦对3种除草剂的敏感性大小顺序为5%精喹禾灵EC、240 g/L烯草酮EC、108 g/L高效盖草能EC;田间小区试验表明,108 g/L高效盖草能对旱雀麦的敏感性低于240 g/L烯草酮、5%精喹禾灵,施药剂量为600 mL/hm2时,防除效果为65%左右,表明旱雀麦对108 g/L高效盖草能EC有一定的耐药性。
关键词:除草剂;生测;敏感性;防治效果
中图分类号:S482.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)12-2914-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.12.026
Study on the Sensitivity of Bromus tectorum L. in Spring
Rape Field against the Common Herbicides
WENG Hua
(Institute of Plant Protection, Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest
in Xining,Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management,Xining 810016,China)
Abstract: The indoor and field trials were conducted to determine the sensitivity of Bromus tectorum L. in spring rape field against 108 g/L Haloxyfop-R-methyl EC,5% Quizalofop-P-ethyl EC and 240 g/L Clethodim EC three commonly herbicides.The indoor research results showed that herbicide sensitivity order was 5% Quizalofop-P-ethyl EC,240 g/L Clethodim EC,108 g/L Haloxyfop-R-methyl EC. The field test results showed that the sensitivity of Bromus tectorum L. against 108 g/L Haloxyfop-R-methyl EC was lower than that of 5% Quizalofop-P-ethyl EC and 240 g/L Clethodim EC. The control effect of 108 g/L Haloxyfop-R-methyl EC was about 65% with the doses of 600 mL/hm2 which indicated that Bromus tectorum L. had a certain resistance to 108 g/L Haloxyfop-R-methyl EC.
Key words: herbicides; bioassay; sensitivity; control effect
化学除草剂因其高效、快速等优点被广泛地应用于现代农业,成为农田杂草防除中最可靠、快速的手段[1,2]。除草剂的长期使用,在给农民带来巨大方便的同时,也带来了杂草的抗(耐)药性问题。截至目前,全球已有208种杂草的384个生物型,各类农田系统对21类化学除草剂产生了抗药性[3,4]。近年来,中国农田化学除草面积迅猛扩大,目前已超过7 300万 hm2,随着化学除草剂的快速发展,中国杂草抗(耐)药性问题已开始凸现。
旱雀麦(Bromus tectorum L.)隶属禾本科一年生杂草。在年均降水量为150~560 mm的各种土壤类型上广泛分布,其分布区的最高海拔可以达到2 700 m,能够很好地适应干旱和半干旱环境[5],并且能够在较低的土壤温度和可用水分的条件下成功萌发和出苗[6],在青海省20世纪90年代初田间零星发生的旱雀麦,十余年时间就迅速蔓延为害至全省农业区,严重地块发生密度达700株/m2左右,使白菜型春油菜减产高达86.6%,成为油菜田主要的恶性禾本科杂草。本研……
