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非饱和土壤水动力弥散系数的研究

2015-08-13李炎王丹

湖北农业科学 2015年12期

李炎 王丹

摘要:以棕壤土为对象,采用水平土柱入渗法对水动力弥散系数Dsh(θ)进行了分析。试验分2组进行,分别采用初始浓度为0.1%和1%的钾肥(K2SO4)和氮肥(尿素)两种溶液,测定了试验土柱不同刻度处土壤体积含水量θ、土壤溶质浓度C。采用电导率仪和火焰分光光度仪分别测定了土壤溶液的含盐量和水溶性K+浓度。结果表明,Dsh(θ)值与采用何种浓度表示形式无关;不同初始浓度时,同一溶质的水动力弥散系数随浓度的增大而减小;相同初始浓度条件下,尿素溶液的Dsh(θ)小于K2SO4溶液的相应值;非饱和土壤水动力弥散系数Dsh(θ)与扩散系数D(θ)呈现相同的变化趋势。

关键词:水动力弥散系数;非饱和土壤;溶质运移;水平土柱入渗法

中图分类号:S152.7 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)10-2887-04

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.12.019

Study on Coefficient of Unsaturated Soil Hydrodynamic Dispersion

LI Yana,WANG Danb

(a.College of Water Conservancy Engineering;

b.College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China)

Abstract: The horizontal infiltration method was used to measure the coefficient of hydrodynamic dispersion [Dsh(θ)] of brown soil. Two sets of experiments were conducted with concentrations of 0.1% and 1%, respectively. The solute used were potash fertilizer (K2SO4) and nitrogenous fertilizer [CO(NH2)2]. The volumetric water content θ and soil solute concentration C at different place were measured. Two expressions of solute concentration, the salt content and the ion content were measured by using conductivity gauge and flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The results showed that Dsh(θ) was not related to the concentration expression way. For different initial concentration, the Dsh(θ) decreased with the increasing of the solute concentration. With the same initial concentration, the Dsh(θ) of CO(NH2)2 was smaller than that of K2SO4. Besides, the variation tendency of Dsh(θ) was the same as the Dsh(θ).

Key words: coefficient of hydrodynamic dispersion; unsaturated soil; solute transport; horizontal infiltration method

非饱和土壤水动力弥散系数是化肥、农药在农田的运移规律、盐碱地水盐运动监测、地下水资源保护中不可缺少的参数[1-4]。目前,虽然有关饱和条件下溶质运移各类参数的测定已较为成熟,但非饱和条件下由于各类问题本身的复杂特性,使得对参数的测定相当困难,除对水分运移参数的测定取得了较大进展外,对溶质运移参数的测定仍有待研究[5-9]。因此,有必要对非饱和条件下溶质运移参数的测定进行大量的研究和探索。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

土样取自天津农学院西校区试验田30 cm以下,为棕壤土,试验测得其原状土干容重为1.34 g/cm3。土样经风干、破碎、过筛(2 mm)、粗略研磨后,保证土样初始含水量均匀和密度一致,即可用于试验。……

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