淡水生物污损群落中细菌的分离鉴定及观察
2015-08-13刘念等
刘念等
摘要:水下固形物表面微生物的黏附生长是生物污损层形成的初级阶段。从长江水体分离得到3株淡水黏附菌,并对其形态特征、生长黏附特性、16S rDNA基因序列和量子点标记进行了初步研究。结果显示,3个菌株在玻片上迅速黏附,实验室培养生长旺盛。菌落和菌细胞均具有相似的形态特征,菌落球形突起,厚实,圆润光滑,边缘清晰,颜色有差异,且随培养基成分而有所改变。胞体呈短杆状,天然水体培养基上生长较缓慢,菌落形态有所不同,但仍能很好生长。天然流动水体完全可提供这些菌株生长所需养分,在固形物表面迅速黏附生长。
关键词:淡水黏附菌;形态特征;细菌生长;量子点标记
中图分类号:Q93 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)12-2882-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.12.018
Separation and Observation of Bacteria in Biofouling Biocoenosis
LIU Nian,XIONG Yan-fei, PENG Jun-jiang,XU Han-zhi,LIAO Li-jing,CAI Xiao-yu, XU Yun
(Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology,Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China)
Abstract:It is the first stage of bio-fouling layer formation when microorganisms stick to the solid surface underwater. We separated three bacterias from the Yangtze River, and first studied their morphological character, character of growth and adhesion, 16S rDNA gene-base phylogenetic, and quantum dot labeling. Results show that three strains can stick to glass quickly, and grow fast under lab culture condition. Bacteria colony and cell all have similar morphological character; a colony is globular, thick, smooth and has clear edge. But the colors of three strains are different, changing with culture medium. Single bacterium is short rod shaped;poor growth rate in natural water medium is observed; the colony morphology looks different, but still can grow well. Natural river condition can provide enough nutrients to perfectly ensure the fast growth and adhesion on the solid surface.
Key words: freshwater adhesion of bacteria; morphological character; growth of bacteria; quantum dot labeling
在海洋环境中,海洋生物依附于船舶表面和海洋水下设施生长,造成海洋生物污损[1]。研究表明,海洋生物污损过程可分为4部分,分别是基膜的形成、微生物膜的形成、海藻孢子和原生动物的附着、大型污损生物的附着。形成基膜的有机分子或无机颗粒最开始是简单的物理吸附过程,随着环境的变化吸附与脱附持续进行[2]。最先附着的微生物的生长会增加表面的粗糙度和疏水性[3],细菌通过产生多糖、蛋白质、核酸和脂类,形成的胞外基质将自己包裹而得到保护[4],生物膜形成后很难清除。防垢层表面的有机物又能作为微生物再生长的碳源[5],进一步引导海绵、水螅、海藻、石灰虫以及藤壶、贝类等次级生物附着。生物污损是不可逆的,给航运、海防及水产养殖等行业带来巨大经济损失和安全隐患。……
