不同种植方式对夏玉米干物质积累及产量的影响
2015-08-13秦永梅等
秦永梅等
摘要:选取鲁单818为试验材料,研究了不同种植方式对夏玉米干物质积累及产量的影响程度。结果表明,在整个生育期,夏玉米在个体和群体层次上干物质积累均呈S型动态变化,各阶段单株干物质积累速率及群体生产率呈单峰曲线动态变化,在相同的生育时期,以三株种植的玉米在干物质积累量及阶段积累速率较大;不同种植方式以三株种植的玉米产量最高。
关键词:种植方式;夏玉米;干物质积累;产量
中图分类号:S513 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)12-2847-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.12.009
Effects of Planting Patterns on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield on Summer Maize
QIN Yong-mei1,HAN Feng-ying1,LIU Min1,GAO Cai-ting2,YANG Xiang-li1
(1.Shandong Agricultural and Engineering University, Jinan 250100; 2.Jinan City Bureau of Agriculture, Jinan 250100)
Abstract: Using maize Ludan 818 as the material, researched the effects of different planting patterns on the dry matter accumulation and yield . The results showed that the dynamics of dry matter accumulation of single plant and population were S curve,and the dynamics of the rate of dry matter phrase accumulation and population phrase productivity were single peak curve. The dry matter accumulation and the phrase accumulation rate of the pattern of three strains plant were more at the same growth period. The yield of three strains plant was the highest in different planting patterns.
Key words: planting pattern; summer maize; dry matter accumulation; yield
生物产量的90%~95%来自光合作用,光合产物量即干物质的积累生产是形成玉米经济产量的基础,所以提高干物质的生产能力是提高玉米子粒产量的根本途径[1]。近年来,中国及山东省的夏玉米单产有增高趋势,在一些高产地区产量已达到800 kg/667 m2左右,为提高夏玉米单产,目前我国采用了不同的优化栽培措施,如宽窄行种植、合理密植及优化水肥措施等,还有人采用三角连环密植高产栽培技术法种植旱地玉米并获得了高产[2-5]。以上各种措施对提高玉米单产起到了很大的推动作用,然而如何在现有的产量较高、种植密度较大的基础上进一步改变种植方式,改善田间合理群体结构,提高对热能和水土资源的综合利用率,进而提高产量是十分必要的。为此打破了传统的行间等株距种植的限制,而以等株距为对照,采用双株、三株和三角3种种植方式,以玉米整个生育期干物质积累过程为切入点,对不同种植方式玉米的干物质积累动态及产量进行分析[6-9],旨在为夏玉米的高产栽培提供新的途径。……
