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北方粳稻航天诱变后代稻米品质变化规律研究

2015-08-13毛艇李旭

湖北农业科学 2015年12期

毛艇 李旭

摘要:3份北方粳稻(Oryza sativa subsp. Keng)品种经过航天诱变处理,得到表型存在差异的后代稳定品系各30个,共90份(产量与原品种差异低于3%),测定其主要稻米品质指标及淀粉RVA谱值,分析北方粳稻航天诱变后代稻米品质变化规律。结果表明,垩白米率、垩白度、透明度及崩解值各品种均变化较大,垩白米率、垩白度、透明度平均值相比原品种呈负向发展;而崩解值提高有利于改善稻米适口性;其他指标平均值变化较小。诱变后代中有3%个体各项米质指标均优于原品种。

关键词:粳稻(Oryza sativa subsp. Keng);航天诱变;稻米品质;RVA特征谱

中图分类号:S511;S25 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)12-2832-03

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.12.005

Mutagenic Effects of Spaceflight on Northern Japonica Rice Quality

MAO Ting,LI Xu

(Liaoning Province Saline and Alkaline Land Utilization and Research Institute, Panjin 124010, Liaoning, China)

Abstract: Selected three northern japonica varieties aerospace mutagenic treatment,got 30 offspring stable lines with phenotypic differences,a total of 90 copies (the difference of yield with original varieties yield was less than 3%),determined the primary rice quality indicators and Starch RVA value, analysed the grain quality variation of Northern Japonica Rice with Space Mutation. The results showed that,the variation of chalky rice percentage, chalkiness,transparency and breakdown value was large in varieties,chalky grain rate, chalkiness, transparency was worse compared with the original species; the increase of breakdown value would improve the palatability of rice; the average value of other indicators changed slight. The quality index of 3% individuals in Mutation progenies was better than the original varieties.

Key words: Oryza sativa subsp. Keng; space mutation; rice quality; Rapid Visco Analyzer Profile Characteristics

航天诱变又称空间诱变,是利用特殊的太空环境作用于作物种子,使其产生变异,并结合人工选择培育新种质、新品种的方法。前人研究表明,航天诱变具有变异幅度大、诱变频率高等特点,目前已广泛应用于水稻(Oryza sativa)、玉米(Zea mays)及各种蔬菜的育种工作中[1-7]。截至目前,已通过航天诱变选育出多个通过审定的水稻新品种。关于航天诱变对稻米品质影响研究较少,特别在北方粳稻区未见相关报道[8-11],本试验通过测定由3份北方粳稻品种经过航天诱变处理获得的90个稳定品系的稻米品质及RVA特征谱值,分析北方粳稻航天诱变后代稻米品质变化规律,以期为通过航天诱变方式进行稻米品质改良提供一定的理论依据。

1 材料与方法

试验于2011年和2012年在辽宁省盐碱地利用研究所试验地进行,土壤为滨海盐渍型水稻土,肥力中等……

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