陈建珍等

摘要：选取6个大穗型水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种为材料，分期播种，考察大穗型水稻品种的结实率和千粒重对环境的响应以及与生育期间气象因子的相关性。结果表明，随着播期的推迟，结实率逐渐降低，千粒重呈现出先升后降的趋势。结实率主要受盛花当天和开花前后2 d和3 d这个时间段的温度及日照时数的影响，千粒重主要受减数分裂期的温度和灌浆期的温度和日照时数的影响。结实率与开花前后2 d和3 d的温度和日照时数呈显著正相关，千粒重与减数分裂期日最高温度和高温日数呈显著负相关。千粒重受气象因子的影响较结实率小，且均存在品种间差异。综合分析结实率和千粒重两个指标，筛选出两个综合表现较好，在长江流域地区有发展潜力的大穗型水稻品种，即R-2和J1307。研究结果为进一步深入研究大穗型水稻品种的结实机理，筛选、推广和合理种植大穗型水稻品种提供了理论依据。

关键词：大穗型水稻（Oryza sativa L.）；结实率；千粒重；气象因子；响应

中图分类号：S511.2.1；S511.3.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）12-2825-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.12.003

Response of Seed Setting Rate and 1000-Grain Weight on Meteorological Factor of Heavy Panicle Rice

CHEN Jian-zhen，YAO Yi-min，YAN Hao-liang，SHAO Ping，WANG Yi，TIAN Xiao-hai

（Yangtze University，a.Agricultural College； b. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry， Jingzhou 434025，Hubei， China；）

Abstrast： This study was conducted in 2013 cropping season at the Agricultural College of Yangtze University （30°20′N，112°13′E）. 6 heavy panicle rice varieties were selected as materials， and the seedlings were transplanted in paddy field in 25 days after sowing at different times. Response of seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight on meteorological factors and correlation analysis of each meteorological factor， seed setting rate， grain weight were measured. The results showed that with the delay of sowing date， seed setting rate decreased， and 1 000-grain weight increased before decreased. Seed setting rate was mainly influenced by temperature and sunshine duration from 2 days or 3 days before to after flowering， and 1000-grain weight was mainly affected by temperature at the meiosis stage and by temperature and sunshine duration at the grain filling stage. Seed setting rate of panicle had significantly positive correlation with temperature and sunshine duration， and 1 000-grain weight had significantly negative correlation with daily maximum air temperature and high temperature days at the meiosis stage. Seed setting rate was more greatly influenced by meteorological factors than 1 000-grain weight， and differences among varieties were found. Synthesizing seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight， R-2 and J1307 were selected as potential varieties in the Yangtze River region. The results could provide important theoretical evidence for revealing the mechanism of grain filling， selecting， generalizing and cultivating reasonably heavy panicle rice varieties.

Key words： heavy panicle rice（Oryza sativa L.）； seed setting rate； 1000-grain weight； meteorological factor； response

水稻（Oryza sativa L.）是中国最重要的的粮食作物，其播种面积占粮食作物种植面积的27%，产量则占粮食总产量的40%。我国近65%的人口以稻米为主食，为了保证粮食安全，必须提高水稻产量。水稻单位面积产量为单位面积上的颖花数、结实率及千粒重构成。抽穗开花期是水稻生殖生长最敏感的时期，温度等环境因素可能会影响花器官和花粉的发育，活力降低，开花散粉和花粉管伸长受阻，导致不能正常受精，结实率降低[1-4]。……