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序贯性肠内营养在重症脑出血患者治疗中的应用

2015-08-06任添华等

中国医药导报 2015年17期
关键词:肠内营养并发症

任添华等

[摘要] 目的 比较序贯性肠内营养(SEN)与肠外营养(PN)在重症脑出血患者治疗中的应用效果。 方法 回顾性分析北京天坛医院急诊ICU于2009年8月~2011年9月收治的重症脑出血患者808例的临床资料。根据本研究设计的病例入选标准随机抽取108例患者纳入研究,根据治疗方法不同,将这些患者分为两组:SEN组(n = 57)及PN组(n = 51)。SEN组在入院第1天开始给予肠内营养混悬液(SP),2~3 d后予以肠内营养混悬液(TPF);PN组予以等热卡的脂肪乳氨基酸(17)葡萄糖(11%)注射液,疗程为14 d。入院第1、18天,采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)及格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)进行评分,观察两组体重、血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、血清前白蛋白、转铁蛋白等营养情况指标以及并发症的发生情况。 结果 两组入院第1天的体重、血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、血清前白蛋白、转铁蛋白水平组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。SEN组与PN组入院第18天的体重[(54.3±5.2)比(50.8±4.9)kg]、血红蛋白[(115.6±12.1)比(104.7±10.5)g/L]、血清白蛋白[(32.2±3.3)比(29.3±3.0)g/L]、血清前白蛋白[(193.4±15.5)比(167.2±13.5)mg/L]、转铁蛋白[(2.29±0.62)比(1.73±0.46)g/L]组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。两组入院第1、18天的NIHSS评分组间比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);两组入院第18天的NIHSS评分与入院第1天比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。SEN组入院第18天的GCS评分高于入院第1天[(8.32±1.47)比(6.45±1.39)分,P < 0.05]及PN组[(8.32±1.47)比(6.72±1.84)分,P < 0.05)],差异有统计学意义。SEN组的胃出血、肺部感染、肠源性感染发生率低于PN组(14.04%比33.33%,19.30%比35.29%,7.02%比17.65%,均 P < 0.05)。 结论 早期合理的肠内营养支持可为重症脑出血患者提供全面营养,增强机体抵抗力,降低并发症发生率,对改善预后有重要的临床价值。

[关键词] 重症脑出血;肠内营养;肠外营养;并发症

[中图分类号] R743.34 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2015)06(b)-0064-05

Application of sequential enteral nutrition in the treatment of patients with severe cerebral hemorrhage

REN Tianhua1 YANG Tiecheng1 LI Jianguo1 NIU Chi1 LI Lixia1 SHI Hongmei2

1.Department of Emergency, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; 2.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Dongcheng District in Beijing City, Beijing 100050, China

[Abstract] Objective To compare application effect of sequential enteral nutrition (SEN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) in the treatment of patients with severe cerebral hemorrhage. Methods Clinical data of 808 patients with severe cerebral hemorrhage treated at Emergency Department ICU of Beijing Tiantan Hospital from August 2009 to September 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. 108 patients were selected randomly according to the design of this study. All patients were divided into two groups: SEN group (n = 57) and PN group (n = 51) according to the different therapy. SEN group received enteral nutritional suspension (SP) from the first day after admission, 2 to 3 days later, and received enteral nutritional suspension (TPF); while PN group received Kabiven parenteral nutrition therapy through central venous catheterization, treatment for 14 days. On the first and eighteen day after admission, National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were used to test neurological score. Nutritional indexes (body weight, hemoglobin, serum albumin, serum pro-albumin, transferrin) and complication between two groups were observed. Results On the first day after admission, there were no significant differences in body weight, hemoglobin, serum albumin, serum pro-albumin, transferrin level between two groups (P > 0.05). On the eighteen day after admission, body weight[(54.3±5.2) vs (50.8±4.9) kg], hemoglobin[(115.6±12.1) vs (104.7±10.5) g/L], serum albumin [(32.2±3.3) vs (29.3±3.0) g/L], serum pro-albumin[(193.4±15.5) vs (167.2±13.5) mg/L], transferrin[(2.29±0.62) vs (1.73±0.46) g/L] between SEN group and PN group was compared respectively, with statistical difference (all P < 0.05). On the first and eighteen day after admission, NIHSS score between two groups was compared respectively, with no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Compared with on the first day after admission, NIHSS scores between two groups on the eighteen day after admission had no statistical difference (P > 0.05). On the eighteen day after admission, GCS score of SEN group was higher than that on the first day after admission [(8.32±1.47) vs (6.45±1.39) scores, P < 0.05] and PN group [(8.32±1.47) vs (6.72±1.84) scores, P < 0.05], with statistical difference. Incidence rate of stomach bleeding, lung infection, enterogenic infection in SEN group was lower than that in PN group respectively (14.04% vs 33.33%, 19.30% vs 35.29%, 7.02% vs 17.65%, all P < 0.05). Conclusion Early and reasonable enteral nutrition support way for patients with severe cerebral hemorrhage can provide comprehensive nutrition, enhance their body resistance, reduce incidence of complication, and create an important clinical value for improving prognosis.

[Key words] Severe cerebral hemorrhage; Enteral nutrition; Parenteral nutrition; Complication

脑出血是临床常见的危重症,特别是重症脑出血,患者病情危重、进展迅速并且多有意识障碍,不能进食,而机体往往又处于高分解代谢及免疫紊乱状态,能量物质分解亢进,常出现负氮平衡、低蛋白血症及免疫功能抑制;同时患者合并神经内分泌功能紊乱,胃肠功能减弱,进一步导致营养状态恶化,因此制订合理营养支持方式和时机,对改善患者预后有重要意义。近来,随……

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