高电化学性能聚苯胺纳米纤维/石墨烯复合材料的合成
2015-07-20钟文斌李士超
钟文斌 李士超



摘要:聚苯胺纳米纤维(PANIF)与氧化石墨烯(GO)经组装后,进行水热反应,制备了PANIF/rGO (还原的氧化石墨烯)复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR),X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)对样品形貌和结构进行表征;同时,借助循环伏安(CV),恒电流充放电(GCD),交流阻抗(EIS)对样品的电化学性能进行了测试.结果表明:rGO均匀包裹在PANIF表面,在1 M H2SO4的电解液中,当电流密度为1 A/g时,PANIF比电容为378 F/g,而PAGO10(PANI与GO 的质量比为10∶1),比电容达517 F/g;且当电流密度10 A/g时,PAGO10的比电容为356 F/g,而PANIF的比电容仅为107 F/g.
关键词:自组装;聚苯胺纤维;氧化石墨烯;水热反应;超级电容器
中图分类号:O631 文献标识码:A
Abstract:A polyaniline fibers (PANIF)/ reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite was synthesized by using selfassembly of PANIF and GO followed by hydrothermal reaction. The morphology and structure of samples were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR)and Xray diffraction (XRD).The electrochemical properties were characterized with cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge(GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectrum(EIS). It showed that the rGO was homogeneously coated on the surfaces of PANIF, and a high specific capacitance of 517 F/g (based on PAGO10 composite) was obtained at a current density of 1 A/g, compared with 378 F/g for PANIF. Most of all, a high specific capacitance of 356 F/g was obtained at a current density of 10 A/g, compared with 107 F/g for PANIF.
Key words:selfassembly process; polyaniline fiber; graphene oxide; hydrothermal reaction; supercapacitors
石墨烯是一种二维单原子层碳原子SP2杂化形成的新型碳材料,因其非凡的导电性和导热性[1-2]、极好的机械强度、较大的比表面积[3]等特性,引起了国内外研究者极大的关注.石墨烯已经被探索应用在电子和能源储存器件[4]、传感器[5]、透明导电电极[6]、超分子组装[7]以及纳米复合物[8]等领域中.而rGO因易聚集或堆叠而导致电容量较低(101 F/g)[9],这限制了其在超级电容器电极材料领域的应用.
另一方面,PANI作为典型的导电高分子之一,由于合成容易,环境稳定性好和导电性能可调等特性备受关注.具有纳米结构的导电材料,由于纳米效应不但能提高材料固有性能,并开创新的应用领域.PANI纳米结构的合成取得了许多的成果.PANI作为超级电容器电极材料因具有高的赝电容,其电容量甚至可高达3 407 F/g[10];然而,当经过多次充放电时PANI链因多次膨胀和收缩而降……
