张颖等

摘要：为反映中俄界河黑龙江第一大支流松花江的重金属污染状况，采用潜在生态风险指数及主成分分析对松花江全江段表层沉积物Hg，Pb，Cd，Cr和As 5种有毒重金属的污染特征、来源解析及潜在生态风险危害进行深入探讨.研究表明：松花江表层沉积物中，重金属含量平均值由大到小顺序为wCr>wPb>wAs> wCd>wHg；变异系数CV表明Hg和As的空间分布离散性较大，而Cd和Pb则相对较均匀；采用主成分分析法（PCA）对重金属污染物的来源进行了推断；Hg和Cd的单一重金属潜在生态风险因子Eri值较高，RI指数表明整体上松花江重金属污染处于低度风险水平，只有1#，2#

，7#和10# 4个断面处于中度风险水平.

关键词：有毒重金属；Pearson相关系数；主成分分析；潜在生态风险指数；松花江

中图分类号：P595 文献标识码：A

Abstract：This paper discussed the pollution characteristics and their sources of Hg， Cd， Cr， As and Pb in the bottom sediments of Songhua River in the Hakanson's Potential Ecological Risk Index Method （RI） and Principal Component Analysis （PCA） to reveal the metal pollution status of the whole Songhua River， which is the biggest tributary of the Heilongjiang River at the ChinaRussian border. The results showed that： the concentration order from high to low by average was wCr>wPb>wAs>wCd>wHg； the coefficient of variation （CV） revealed that the spatial distribution of Hg and As was discrete and Cd and Pb were homogeneous. In the method of PCA， the main sources of heavy metal pollutants were inferred. The Eri of Hg and Cd was higher，and the RI analysis uncovered that the potential ecological risk declined compared with the past， and just the 4 sections of 1#，2#， 7# and 10# were in moderate level only.

Key words：toxic heavy metal； Pearson correlation coefficient； principal component analysis （PCA）； potential ecological risk index； Songhua River

重金属为非降解性污染物，由于其持久性和高毒性而对水生态系统造成严重的环境危害[1-2]，已有研究表明，在受重金属污染的水体中，沉积物重金属含量可达水体的数百倍至数十万倍[3]；毒理学研究进一步表明，进入环境中的重金属，尤其是 Cd，Pb，Hg 和 As 等会通过食物链进入人体，产生生殖毒性、免疫毒性、神经毒性和内分泌干扰作用等严重危害[4].近10年来，河流[4-6]、湖泊[3，7-8]、海洋沉积物[9-10]重金属污染生态环境评价受到国内外学者的广泛关注，评价方法集中为以下3种：1）富集系数法（Sediment Enrichment Factors），该法以大量元素Fe或Al在地壳中不易受人类活动干扰为基础，采用沉积重金属元素与大量元素Fe或Al的标准化比值来判断其富集程度[11-12]；2）一致性沉积物……