关键词： 依经立义;尚事致用;历史化倾向

摘要： 纵观两汉赋的演进，呈现出由西汉缘“经”到东汉重“史”的发展历程。西汉承秦制而法楚风，东汉转而“继周”;言语侍从之臣的地位从西汉的尊贵到东汉的衰落，从而由反省现实到反省历史，是以潜藏了汉赋从经学的微言大义向史学的用事述理的变移。体裁上，西汉赋的“训诫”“改作”多通过“物”的铺写彰显微言大义之讽;东汉赋的“昭德”“宣威”多通过“事”的纪述，彰显德教礼制之颂。赋学批评方面，西汉赋学重在以“讽”为主且“曲终奏雅”的“点状”论述，东汉赋学更关注“面状”的尚事致用的整体评价。

中图分类号： I207.22

文献标志码： A

文章编号： 10012435（2015）04049910

Transformation from Jing to Shi： Academic Thinking of Evolution of Fu in Han Dynasty

XU Jie （School of Liberal Arts， Nanjing University， Nanjing 210046， China）

Key words： jing as principle; applicable; historical tendency

Abstract： From the evolution of fu from the Western Han Dynast to Eastern Dynasty， it was apparently seen that the Western Han Dynasty focused on “jing” while the Eastern Han Dynasty attached importance to “shi”. The Western Han Dynasty inherited Qin system and followed Chu， but the Eastern Han Dynasty “inherited Zhou”; the status of attendants changed from nobility in Western Han Dynasty to decline in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The change from reflection on reality to reflection on history reflected the change of fu from profundity in jing to facts in shi. In form， fu in the Western Han Dynasty described “wu” to display profundity by “exhortation” and “change” while the Eastern Han Dynasty recorded facts to eulogize moral education by preaching “virtues” and “power”. In criticism of fu， the fu study in the Western Han Dynasty was mainly on “irony” and “dotted” description as “elegance in the end” while the fu study in the Eastern Han Dynasty focused more on “plane”， practical and complete evaluation.

公元前2世纪在东方的土地上建立了大汉王朝，这堪与欧洲罗马帝国并称的东方帝国经“文景之治”到“武宣之世”（汉武帝、汉宣帝）进入鼎盛，而伴随政治经济与文化学术的繁荣，也形成了“一代之文学”的汉大赋，且衣被后世，成为历史上整个东亚文学创作中的一个重要样式。然研究界囿于“一代文学”之成见，多视汉赋为一整体而与前之“楚辞”后之“唐诗”并称，或就赋域言亦前之“战国”而后有“魏晋”，于汉赋，尤其是汉大赋殊少演进而产生之变异的分析。缘此，笔者曾撰写《论东汉赋的历史化倾向》一文①

，试图说明汉大赋由西而东的变迁，思之未尽而复为此文，意欲从学术的眼光考量西汉赋缘“经”而东汉赋重“史”的创作旨意，并由此彰显出两汉赋不尽相同的学术因缘与批评趣味。

引述：以经、史衡赋之成立