苏华　邓卫权

摘 要：为了探寻伦敦奥运会女子400 m个人混合泳冠军叶诗文的夺冠原因，综合分析了400 m混合泳不同泳姿的分段时间、不同泳姿对游速的影响及各阶段的速度变化特征等，运用主成分分析法分析了400 m混合泳各分段成绩对最终成绩的不同贡献率，并对冠军叶诗文各分段成绩领先均值特征进行了探究。结果显示：合理的第1分段速度是运动员赢得比赛的基础，运动员“第1次加速”现象出现在第4段。主成分分析表明混合泳第4分段成绩对比赛成绩贡献率最高。研究说明，叶诗文超凡的冲刺能力是夺冠的关键因素，但其第4段“1加”现象不够突出，说明叶诗文成绩还有提升的空间。

关 键 词：竞赛与训练；女子400 m个人混合泳；分段成绩；叶诗文；伦敦奥运会

中图分类号：G861.15 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2015）03-0119-04

Abstract： In order to probe into the champion winning reasons of YE Shi-wen， the champion of the womens 400m individual medley in the London Olympic Games， the authors comprehensively analyzed her section times of different strokes in the 400m individual medley， the effects of different strokes on swimming speed， and the characteristics of speed changing in different sections etc， analyzed different rates of contribution to her game time by various section times in the 400m individual medley by applying main component analysis， studied the characteristics of champion YE Shi-wens various section times leading the average times， and revealed the following findings： a rational section 1 speed was the foundation for her to win the game； the sign of her “first time acceleration” occurred in section 4； main component analysis indicated that her section 4 time in the individual medley had the highest rate of contribution to her game time. The said findings indicated that YE Shi-wens extraordinary sprinting ability was the key factor for champion winning， but the sign of her “first time acceleration” in section 4 was not outstanding enough， meaning that her performance can be further improved.

Key words： competition and training；womens 400 m individual medley；section time；YE Shi-wen；London Olympic Games

在第30届伦敦奥运会上，中国游泳军团获得了5枚金牌，这一历史性突破令国人振奋不已。为了探究伦敦奥运会女子400 m个人混合泳冠军叶诗文的分段成绩特征及夺冠原因，本研究通过从2012年伦敦奥运会官方网站（http：//www.london2012.com/）上收集伦敦奥运会女子400 m个人混合泳决赛运动员各分段成绩的时间数据，对其不同泳姿的分段时间、不同泳姿对游速的影响、各阶段的速度变化特征等进行分析，在此基础上采用主成分分析法以各分段成绩为自变量、比赛成绩为因变量，探究400 m混合泳各分段成绩对最终成绩的贡献率大小，并对冠军叶诗文的各分段成绩领先均值特征进行对比分析。……