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程序正义视角下科研项目审批权的法律规制

2015-05-22王芳

王芳

[摘 要]目前,我国科研项目立项审批领域的权力寻租现象比较严重,项目审批权缺乏有效的制约和监督是其重要原因。科研项目审批权本身具有特殊性,比较可行的思路是在程序正义视角下,重点加强科研项目审批程序的法律规制。认为建立和完善科研项目审批程序的制度应该为审批公开制度、利害关系人回避制度、不予批准说明理由制度、职能分离制度、禁止单方接触制度和异议复审制度,以保障科研项目审批权得到有效制约和监督。

[关键词]科研项目;审批权;程序正义;公开

[中图分类号]D922.17 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1671-8372(2015)01-0109-05

Abstract:Power rent-seeking in scientific research project approvals is rather serious now in China. The lack of effective restriction and supervision in the approvals of scientific research project is an important reason. As to the particularity of scientific research project approvals itself, more practical way is to focus on the legal regulating of the scientific research project examination and approval procedures in the perspective of procedural justice. In order to establish and perfect the relevant process systems of scientific research project approvals, the disclosure system of examination and approval, the avoidance system of interested party, the system of reason-giving, the system of functional separation, the system of prohibiting unilateral contact, and the system of objection review should be proposed.

Key words:scientific research project; approvals; procedural justice; information disclosure

目前,科研立项的级别和数量已成为众多科研人员以及科研单位竞争的主要目标。因为它不仅影响到科研人员的学术地位、职称评定和待遇升迁等,而且还是评价一个科研单位的科研实力、学术水平等的重要标准。我国科研项目立项审批(指纵向科研项目立项审批,下同)领域的权力寻租现象比较严重,其中,科研项目审批权缺乏有效的制约和监督是其重要原因。

2014年10月23日,中共十八届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》明确提出,“强化对行政权力的制约和监督……努力形成科学有效的权力运行制约和监督体系,增强监督合力和实效。加强对政府内部权力的制约,是强化对行政权力制约的重点”“全面推进政务公开。坚持以公开为常态、不公开为例外原则,推进决策公开、执行公开、管理公开、服务公开、结果公开……”


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