长链非编码RNA与妇科恶性肿瘤的相关性研究
2015-03-21尚春亮姚书忠
尚春亮,姚书忠
·综述·
长链非编码RNA与妇科恶性肿瘤的相关性研究
尚春亮,姚书忠△
近年来,曾经被认为是基因组转录“噪音”的长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)得到了学者们的广泛关注。lncRNA是一类长度超过200个核苷酸(nt)的RNA,其本身并不编码蛋白,但其与生物信息学功能有着密切的联系,涉及表观遗传调控、细胞周期调控、mRNA降解、肿瘤耐药等多个方面,对肿瘤的发生、侵袭、转移、诊断及预后均起着至关重要的作用。同时,其在与激素以及P53信号通路的作用机制之间也有着一定的关系。学者们借助多种分子生物学研究方法,不断地对lncRNA功能及其分子调控机制进行解析,发现肿瘤细胞与正常组织来源细胞间lncRNA表达谱存在明显差异。而且,lncRNA的异常表达与多种恶性疾病的发生息息相关。lncRNA与妇科肿瘤相关性的研究为妇科恶性肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供了一个新思路。
RNA;宫颈肿瘤;卵巢肿瘤;子宫内膜肿瘤;后成说,遗传;基因,p53Corresponding author:YAO Shu-zhong,E-mail:yszlfy@163.com
【Abstract】In recent years,the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)were thought to be the"noise"of genome transcription obtained the widespread attention.lncRNAs are broadly defined as RNA molecules greater than 200 nt in length and do not encode proteins by themselves.But they have a close connection with the bioinformatics function,involving in epigenetic regulation,cell cycle,mRNA degradation,tumour drug resistance and other aspects.They play a critical role in the formation,development,erosion and metastasis of tumor,as well as diagnosis and prognosis of disease.At the same time,lncRNAs have certain connections with the hormones and the P53 signaling pathway.With the aid of various molecular biology methods,we continue to parse the function and molecular regulation mechanism of lncRNAs,and significant differences of lncRNA expression have been found between tumor cells and the corresponding normal tissue.Moreover,abnormal expression of lncRNA is closely related to a variety of malignant disease.The correlation between lncRNA and gynecological tumors provides a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological malignant tumor.
【Keywords】RNA;Uterine cervical neoplasms;Ovarian neoplasms;Endometrial neoplasms;Epigenesis,genetic;Genes,p53
(J Int Obstet Gynecol,2015,42:79-82)
长链非编码RNA(longnon-codingRNA,lncRNA)是长度大于200个核苷酸(nt)的非编码RNA。许多已标识的lncRNA通过RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录而来并经多聚腺苷酸化,但其缺乏重要的开放阅读框,不能编码蛋白质[1]。与其他非编码RNA相比较,lncRNA具有“三多”的特点,即类型多、作用模式多和数量多。其保守性相对较差,极易受到进化压力的影响。lncRNA是一个宽泛的定义,包括不同类型的RNA转录物、enhancer RNAs、核仁小分子RNA(snoRNA)、长链基因间非编码RNA(large intergenic non-codingRNA,lincRNA)、反义长链非编码RNA。根据lncRNA的分子功能可将其分为信号分子(signal molecule)、诱饵分子 (decoy molecule)、引导分子(guide molecule)和骨架分子(scaffold molecule)4类[2]。研究表明,lncRNA的功能涉及基因调控的各个方面,包括剂量补偿效应(dosage compensation effect)、基因印迹、表观遗传调控、核质转运、转录调控、mRNA的剪切和翻译。……
