青春期子宫内膜异位症的研究进展
2015-03-21李洁关铮
李洁,关铮
·综述·
青春期子宫内膜异位症的研究进展
李洁,关铮△
近年来,青春期子宫内膜异位症发病率有逐年上升的趋势,是妇科一个棘手的问题。年轻患者首发症状为腹痛,甚至是发生于月经来潮前。该病的诊断通常是延迟的,甚至导致输卵管卵巢结构严重受损。原因是多方面的,最主要的是诊断延迟。目前认为,腹腔镜下组织活检是诊断青春期子宫内膜异位症的金标准,经阴道超声和经阴道注水腹腔镜也可协助诊断。腹腔镜诊断及治疗加以术后辅助药物可减少疾病的复发,治疗时间应持续至完成生育。
青春期;子宫内膜异位症;诊断;治疗
【Abstract】In recent years,there is an upward trend incidence of adolescence endometriosis.It has been discovered to be a challenging problem in gynaecology.Although the pain may start at a young age,even before the onset of menstruation,the diagnosis by laparoscopy is almost always postponed for several years,by which time destructive lesions have affected the tuboovarian structures and severely compromised.There are many reasons,the most important reason is the diagnostic delay.Therefore,laparoscopic biopsy is a gold standard for diagnosis of adolescent endometriosis.Transvaginal ultrasounds and transvaginal access with a less invasive needle endoscopy are recommended for exploration of the pelvis.Diagnosis of endometriosis and treatment at an early stage before severe lesions develop.Treated at the same time by laparoscopy,postoperative adjuvant drug treatment can reduce relapse until the completion of childbearing.
【Keywords】Puberty;Endometriosis;Diagnosis;Therapy
(J Int Obstet Gynecol,2015,42:13-16)
子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)是育龄妇女的常见妇科疾患,随着学者们对EMs认识的提高,发现其患病年龄逐渐呈现低龄化,<20岁的青春期女性亦可发生EMs,称之为青春期EMs。虽然经过长期的各种相关研究,但由于没有便捷、无创的诊断方法,针对青春期EMs的诊断及治疗仍然会出现延迟[1-3],对远期妊娠造成不良结局。本文就目前国内外对青春期EMs的研究进展作一综述。
1 青春期EMs的发病率及发病机制
1.1发病率20世纪40年代,Meigshe认为EMs在青春期罕见,然而随着对EMs认识的提高,有报道称该病发病率在19%~73%之间,可先于月经初潮时间,最小患者年龄仅8.5岁。无症状的青春期EMs发病率尚没有相关数据。
1.2发病机制青春期EMs发病机制尚不明确,以下几点是被医务工作者较为接受的理论。
1.2.1Sampson“经血逆流”学说青春期女性合并生殖道畸形可能是引起EMs的原因之一,如先天性阴道闭锁或宫颈狭窄等。……
