崔媛媛 王梅红 张静 赵雪竹 高任

1北京中医药大学人文学院，北京，100029；2 北京中医药大学管理学院，北京，100029

·卫生法学·

试论强制医疗程序中精神病人权利的救济

崔媛媛1王梅红1张静1赵雪竹2高任2

1北京中医药大学人文学院，北京，100029；2北京中医药大学管理学院，北京，100029

摘要2012年颁布的新刑事诉讼法将刑法中规定的强制医疗实体问题程序化，使强制医疗的实施有章可循；为了保障当事人的合法权益，规定了申请复议、申请解除、检察机关监督等相应的救济途径。但立法机关选择的是一种渐进式的实践探索路径，程序的设计较为粗糙，临时保护性约束措施期间和鉴定期间均存在救济缺失，申请复议的有效性也缺乏保障。对临时的保护性约束措施进行申诉、对司法精神病鉴定进行抗告、对强制医疗决定进行上诉等救济方式对于切实保障当事人合法权益、实现依法治国具有现实意义。

关键词强制医疗；精神病人；权利救济

Diseussion on Mental Patient Rights Relief in the Compulsory Medical Procedures

Cui Yuanyuan et al

SchoolofHumanities,BeijingUniversityofChineseMedicine,Beijing,100029

AbstractCompulsory mental treatment, a substantial problem, which is stipulated in criminal law, has been routinized in the new criminal procedural law. In order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, the new criminal procedural law stipulates at least three relieve approaches- the application for reconsideration, the application for termination, and the procuratorial organ's supervisory. But legislature chooses a gradual practice path, the design of the program is relatively rough, provisional restrictive measures and period of identification of forensic psychiatric lackrelief, and the validity of the application for reconsideration can't be protected. Appeal against the provisional restrictive measures, identification of forensic psychiatric and the compulsory medical treatment decision have a practical significance for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parties effectively, achieving the rule by law.

Key WordsCompulsory Mental Treatment; Mental Patients; Right Relief

我国现行涉及精神病人强制医疗问题的法律包括《中华人民共和国刑法》(以下简称《刑法》)、《中华人民共和国人民警察法》(以下简称《人民警察法》)、《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》(以下简称《刑事诉讼法》)、《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》(以下简称《精神卫生法》)，前3部为刑事法律领域，通称“强制医疗”，适用对象和条件均为实施暴力行为，危害公共安全或者严重危害他人人身安全的依法不负刑事责任的精神病人；《精神卫生法》不限于刑事法律领域，通称“非自愿住院治疗”，其适用对象和条件有别于刑事法律领域。……