缓解奶牛热应激的饲料配制技术研究与应用
2014-12-09刘景喜等
刘景喜等
摘 要:热应激对奶牛生产性能的影响越来越受到养殖者的重视,本研究通过优质粗饲料搭配高营养浓度的精补料同时合理添加常量矿物质、维生素、微量元素、酵母以及霉菌吸附剂等,对奶牛缓解热应激饲料配制技术进行研究,研制出缓解奶牛热应激功能性饲料产品,并在规模化奶牛场得到应用,为奶牛平衡稳定的产奶提供了保障。
关键词:奶牛;热应激;饲料;配制
中图分类号:S864.4 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2014.10.017
Study and Application on Feed Formulation Technology of Cow Alleviating to Heat Stress
LIU Jing-xi1, ZHOU Juan2, LI De-lin2, WANG Li-xue1, PAN Zhen-liang1, CHEN Long-bin1,HAN Jing1, LI Min2, HUO Wen-juan1
(1.Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Median, Tianjin 300384, China; 2.Tianjin Jialihe Huabandry Corporation, Tianjin 300402, China)
Abstract:Nowadays, the effect of heat stress on the performance of dairy production gets more and more attention. The feed formulation technology of cow alleviating heat stress was studied, two main points were considered: ①High quality roughage matching with high nutrient concentrations of concentrate supplements;②Adding minerals, vitamins, trace elements, yeast and mold adsorbent reasonably. As a result, the functional feed products to help cow alleviating heat stress were developed. The products had been proved effectively in the large-scale dairy farm application, which were effectively alleviating heat stress. The application of the products could ensure the balance and stable of milk production.
Key words:cow;heat stress;feed;formulation
近年来,我国将奶业作为推进畜牧业发展、促进农业产业结构调整的重要突破口,十分重视奶业发展。我国奶牛存栏数量2013年达到1 440万头,目前已成为世界上第3大产奶国,但单产水平仍然较低[1]。奶牛生产性能受多种因素的影响,如品种繁育、营养饲料、牧场管理、疫病防治、气候环境等。随着全球温度不断上升,奶牛遭受热应激的程度不断加重,因此,如何缓解奶牛热应激,提高奶牛生产性能和利用年限,成为奶牛养殖者非常关注的问题。
奶牛热应激是指奶牛受到超过自身体温调节能力的过高温度刺激时,机体发生的一系列异常反应[2-4]。首先,奶牛在遭受热应激时,瘤胃微生物活动受到影响,食欲不振,采食量降低,产奶量降低,乳成分降低。有研究发现,当奶牛遭受热应激时,妊娠并处于泌乳中后期的经产牛和初产牛干物质采食量分别降低22%和9%。当气温从21 ℃上升至38 ℃时,产奶量降低程度不断加强,38 ℃时仅为21 ℃的38.9%。奶牛6—9月份高温时节比3—5月和10—2月分别降低25.6%和33.5%。……
