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施用菌肥对玉米种植下铜污染土壤酶活性的影响

2014-12-09郭卓杰李涛杨继飞等

天津农业科学 2014年10期

郭卓杰 李涛 杨继飞等

摘 要:采用盆栽试验,研究了在不同用量菌肥条件(施入菌肥0,50,100,200 g)下,不同品种玉米(晋单56号、长玉16号、大正2号)对铜污染土壤中4种酶(脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶)的影响。结果表明:对于大正2号和长玉16号玉米,施入菌肥用量100 g对铜污染土壤中过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶有明显的激活效应,其含量均高于其它处理;对于晋单56号,施入菌肥用量200 g对铜污染土壤中过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶有明显的激活效应;对铜污染土壤中4种酶的影响,大正2号(Cu+J-100)>晋单56号(Cu+J-200)>长玉16号(Cu+J-100)。研究认为:大正2号玉米施入菌肥用量100 g对铜污染土壤中过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶有明显的激活效应,土壤中4种酶含量最高,分别为0.225 0,72.727 6,0.858 0,3.755 7 mg·g-1。

关键词:土壤酶;重金属;作物;菌肥

中图分类号:S513 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2014.10.016

Effects of Applying Bacterial Manure on Enzymes of Copper Contaminated Soil with Planting Corn

GUO Zhuo-jie1,LI Tao1,YANG Ji-fei1,OH Kokyo2,CHENG Hong-yan1

(1. College of Resources and Environment ,Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801,China;2.Center for Environmental Science in Saitama,914 Kamitanadare, kazo, Saitama 347-0115, Japan)

Abstract:With pot experiment,this paper studied the effects on 4 kinds of enzymes (urease, catalase, sucrase, phosphatase) of different varieties of corn (Jin dan56, Changyu16, Dazheng2) in copper contaminated soil in different dosage of bacterial manure conditions (0,50,100,200 g).The results showed that for Dazheng 2 and Changyu 16, the dosage of 100 g bacterial manure in copper contaminated soil had apparent activation effect on catalase, urease, invertase and phosphatase;for Jindan 56, the dosage of 200 g bacterial manure in copper contaminated soil had apparent activation effect on catalase, urease, invertase and phosphatase;the effect of four kinds of enzyme in the copper contaminated soil, Dazheng 2 (Cu + J - 100) > Jin dan 56 (Cu + J - 200) > Changyu16 (Cu + J - 100). The comprehensive consideration was that for Dazheng 2 corn, the amount of 100 g bacterial manure had the most obvious effect on catalase, urease, invertase and phosphatase activation, and the sizes of the four kinds of enzyme were 0.225 0,72.727 6, 0.858 0, 3.755 7 mg·g-1 respectively.

Key words: soil enzymes; heavy metals; crops; bacterial manure

近年来,随着土壤环境污染问题的日益严重,土壤重金属污染的防治问题已成为生态环境修复研究领域的重要内容之一,其中利用土壤酶活性来表征土壤重金属污染程度是其中一个尤为重要的方面 [1-3]。土壤酶是土壤的生物活性成分之一,它参与土壤中的众多代谢过程,是土壤生态系统代谢的重要动力,土壤中所进行的一切生物学和化学过程都要由酶的催化作用才能完成,在生态系统的物质和能量循环等过程中,土壤酶起到表征物质和能量转化强度的作用[4-5]。研究土壤酶活性的变化,将有助于了解土壤肥力状况及其演变[6-7]。而微生物菌肥(菌肥)对改善土壤营养结构,增强土壤肥力,促进作物生长,增强作物抗病能力等方面具有重要作用[8]。

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