王春霞 高鹏 王晓梅 安丰欣 范素琴 张娟娟 刘海燕 解素花

摘要 [目的] 研究优化从马尾藻中提取马尾藻粉的工艺。[方法]以马尾藻为原料，通过单因素试验和正交试验选择合适的酶制剂、脱色树脂，降解马尾藻中各类大分子物质，提高水溶性成分含量，然后对终产品中的有效成分进行分析和含量测定。[结果]试验表明，复合酶（纤维素酶28.57%、果胶酶42.86%、木瓜蛋白酶28.57%）添加量为5‰，在pH 5.0，50 ℃下酶解4.0 h，此时酶解液中多糖含量达到23.38%，且通过对6种大孔树脂的脱色试验，选择大孔树脂AB8为生产用脱色剂，产品脱色效果好，气味愉悦，多糖含量稳定在20% 以上。[结论] 制成的马尾藻粉不仅改善原海藻的不愉悦气味，同时能做到完全水溶，可结合先进食品加工技术，应用到各类营养保健食品中。

关键词 马尾藻；水溶性；正交试验；酶解条件；大孔树脂

中图分类号 S609.9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2014）31-11105-03

Processing Technology of Sargassum Extract

WANG Chunxia， GAO Peng， WANG Xiaomei et al

（Qingdao Bright Moon Sea Science and Technology Co. Ltd. Qingdao， Shandong 266400）

Abstract [Objective] To optimize the technique for extracting Sargassum. [Method] This paper focused on the soluble seaweeds extract of Sargassum.The main principle of this study is to try to make the content of Sargassum dissolved in water as much as possible.Firstly， select the appropriate enzymes and bleaching resin through single factor tests and orthogonal experiments， which could promote the degradation of the macromelecules of organism reserved in Sargassum and raise the level of watersoluble ingredients. Secondly， analyze and determine the content of the active ingredients in the final product under various circumstances. [Result] The result shows the best reaction conditions to optimize the amount of polysaccharide in final product to 23.38% are pH at 5.0， reaction temperature at 50 ℃ and reacting with 5 ‰ complexed enzymes for 4.0 hours， which consist of 28.57% cellulase， 42.86% pectinase and 28.57% papain. Finally， select AB8 macroporous resin as the production decolorant from six kinds of macroporous resins， because AB8 makes the product colorless， goodsmelling and keep stable polysaccharide content above 20%. [Conclusion] The produced Sargassum can be applied in nutritional health food combined with advanced food processing technology.

Key words Sargassum； Watersoluble； Orthogonal experiment； Enzymatic hydrolysis； Macroporous resin

马尾藻是褐藻的一种，大多数为暖水性种类，广泛分布于暖水和温水海域，特别是印度-西太平洋和澳大利亚。我国是马尾藻主要产地之一，有马尾藻60种，盛产于广东和广西沿海，尤其是海南岛与洲岛和涠洲岛。马尾藻生长在低潮带石沼中或潮下带2～3 m水深处的岩石上，多用来提取海藻酸盐。近年来发现，由于马尾藻生活的环境比较多变，藻体内含有较多的抗逆因子，以增强藻体的抗逆性和抗病性，使藻体能够对抗多变的环境，这些抗逆因子对人体也有较多的好处。如可减轻人、猫和狗的菌斑、动脉硬化斑、动脉粥样硬化斑、胸膜斑、牙结石、肾结石、胆结石和前列腺结石等疾病^[1]。……