多元素同时分析技术在沉积物重金属分析中的应用研究进展
2014-10-21苏荣洪欣王晓飞梁晓曦李丽和
苏荣 洪欣 王晓飞 梁晓曦 李丽和
摘要 近年来,沉积物中重金属的含量分布已作为评价水体环境的重要指标,探索建立沉积物重金属多元素同时分析的先进技术迫在眉睫。针对电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICPOES)、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICPMS)和X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)具有同时测定多种重金属元素、检出限低、分析结果准确等优点,结合国内外关于沉积物的相关标准方法以及ICPOES/XRF/ICPMS在沉积物重金属分析中取得的研究成果,指出我国应尽快完善河流湖泊沉积物中重金属分析方法体系,以适用于我国环境监测不同层次和不同领域的需求。
关键词 沉积物;重金属;ICPOES;ICPMS;XRF
中图分类号 S181.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)31-11049-03
Progress of Analysis Technology of Multi Elements for the Heavy Metals in Sediments
SU Rong1, HONG Xin1, WANG Xiaofei1,2, LI Lihe1* et al
(1. Environmental Monitoring Station of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530028; 2. College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004)
Abstract In recent years, the content of heavy metals in sediments has been evaluated as an important indicator of water environment, the analytic technique of multielement of heavy metals in sediments is imminent. In view of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and X ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) which have some advantages, such as the results of the simultaneous determination of various heavy metals, low detection limit, accurate analysis etc, combined with the domestic and overseas standards concerning sediment methods and the research results of ICPOES/XRF/ICPMS in sediments, the method system of the analysis of heavy metals in sediments of rivers and lakes should be improved as soon as possible to meet the demands of environmental monitoring at different levels and different area.
Key words Sediment; Heavy metals; ICPOES; ICPMS; XRF
沉積物是指任何可以由流体流动所移动的微粒,并最终成为在水或其他液体底下的一层固体微粒。水体沉积物不仅可以保留流域天然地质信息,而且能反映人为作用对环境的影响[1]。由于重金属元素具有不能被生物降解的特性,一旦进入水体和沉积物,通过食物链在生物体内富集,最后进入人体,引发诸如水俣病、骨痛病等疾病,严重危害人体健康[2]。沉积物中重金属的含量分布作为水体环境评价的一个重要指标,既可以反映所在流域常年的污染状况、污染特征和潜在风险,也可追踪可能的重金属污染源,评价人为活动对河流污染物的贡献大小。因此,研究与评价河流沉积物中的重金属污染有非常重要的意义[3]。
沉积物中重金属元素的测定方法很多,如比色法、原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)、极谱法、原子荧光法(AFS)等。……
