宋淑敏 夏尊民 王晓楠

摘要 [目的]研究不同基因型亚麻花粉小孢子离体培养，建立亚麻花粉小孢子离体培养再生体系，以期加快亚麻单倍体育种进程。[方法]以5种不同基因型亚麻的花粉小孢子为外植体，研究不同基因型亚麻愈伤组织诱导率、绿苗的分化率的差异，筛选适宜亚麻花粉小孢子培养基。[结果]不同基因型的亚麻花粉愈伤组织的诱导率、绿苗分化率差异显著，9601和9605愈伤组织的诱导率较高，分别为30.8%和28.6%；9601组合的花粉绿苗分化频率最高为14.5%。其次为9718和9712，分化率分别为11.5%和8.0%；筛选出亚麻花粉小孢子适宜的愈伤组织诱导培养基HF1、绿苗分化培养基HF2。[结论]初步建立了亚麻花粉小孢子离体培养再生体系，为亚麻单倍体育种、突变体筛选、转基因等研究奠定了基础。

关键词 亚麻；基因型；花粉小孢子；克隆

中图分类号 S188 文献标识码

A 文章编号 0517-6611（2014）31-10873-02

Study on Micro Propagation of Pollen Microspores of Different Genotypes Flax in vitro

SONG Shumin， XIA Zunmin， WANG Xiaonan （Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences， Daqing， Heilongjiang 163319）

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to accelerate breeding course of flax haploid by studying the micro propagation of pollen microspores in vitro and establishing regeneration system of different flax genotypes. [Method] In vitro culture of pollen microspores of five different flax genotypes were conducted by pollen microspores to explore the callus induction rate， seeding regeneration rate and select suitable medium of pollen microspores. [Result] The result showed that there were significant differences in callus induction rate and seeding regeneration rate. Callus induction rates of 9601 and 9605 were higher， 30.8% and 28.6% respectively. The highest seeding regeneration rate of 9601 was 14.5%， followed by 9718 and 9712， 11.5% and 8.0% respectively. HF1 that was suitable inductive medium of callus and HF2 that was medium of seeding regeneration were selected. [Conclusion] The regeneration system of flax pollen microspores was established preliminarily. It provided foundation for haploid breeding， mutant screening and transgene of flax.

Key words Flax； Genotype； Pollen microspores； Clone

亞麻是重要的纤维及油料作物，亚麻纤维具有吸汗、透气性良好和对人体无害等显著特点，越来越受到人类重视。亚麻油含多量不饱和脂肪酸，故用来预防高血脂症和动脉粥样硬化等疾病。因此亚麻具有广阔的发展和应用前景。

我国亚麻花药培养研究始于20世纪70年代，并由我国首次从亚麻花药培养中获得花粉植株，但亚麻花药愈伤组织的诱导率和绿苗分化率很低，且存在大量的从花药壁等组织发育而来的二倍体植株，给单倍体鉴定带来很大困难，严重制约了亚麻单倍体育种进程。

在花药培养基础上开展的游离花粉小孢子培养技术近年来已有长足的进步。……