彭桂英

[摘要] 目的 探讨儿童支气管哮喘发病的危险因素。 方法 选取就诊于我院的儿童支气管患儿176例纳入哮喘组，同时选取同期正常儿童176例纳入正常组。首先采用SPSS17.0作单因素分析可能引起儿童支气管哮喘的发病因素17项，筛选出P＜0.05的单因素作Logistic回归模型的自变量，作多因素分析，得出影响儿童支气管哮喘的高危因素。结果 经单因素分析结果显示，影响儿童支气管哮喘的单因素共有10项，且P＜0.05，与正常组对比具有统计学意义。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示，影响儿童支气管哮喘的高危因素为呼吸道感染、家族哮喘史、未补充鱼肝油、家人吸烟，且母乳喂养是哮喘的保护因素。 结论 积极预防儿童哮喘的高危因素，提高保护意识，对于预防和控制儿童哮喘具有重要意义。

[关键词] 儿童支气管哮喘；危险因素；多因素分析

[中图分类号] R181.3   [文献标识码] B   [文章编号] 2095-0616（2014）08-191-03

Analysis of risk factors of childhood bronchial asthma

PENG Guiying

Luohu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Shenzhen 518000,China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate and analyze the risk factors of childhood bronchial asthma. Methods176 children with bronchial asthma treated in our hospital were selected as the asthma group and 176 normal children in the corresponding period were selected as the normal group in the same time. First, SPSS17.0 was used to conduct univariate analysis on 17 pathogenic factors of childhood bronchial asthma and the screened out single factors with P＜0.05 served as the independent variables of Logistic regression model for multivariate analysis. Then the high risk factors of childhood bronchial asthma were obtained. Results Univariate analysis showed that there were 10 single factors influencing childhood bronchial asthma, with statistically significant differences to the normal group (P＜0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the high risk factors of childhood bronchial asthma were respiratory tract infection, family history of asthma,non-supplement of cod liver oil and family smoking and the protective factor of asthma was breastfeeding. Conclusion Preventing high risk factors of childhood bronchial asthma actively and increasing protective awareness are of important significance to the prevention and control of childhood bronchial asthma.

[Key words] Childhood bronchial asthma;Risk factor;Multivariate analysis

儿童支气管哮喘属于临床上较为常见的呼吸系统类疾病，据资料统计显示，我国0～12岁儿童的发病率约为3.12%[1]，严重降低患儿的生活质量。主要由T淋巴细胞、中性细胞、呼吸道表皮细胞共同作用而导致的炎症疾患，若不及时治疗，可能会发展成心力衰竭，甚至会直接威胁生命[2]。支气管哮喘发病与众多因素有关，明确相关因素对哮喘的影响情况，对于疾病的预防和治疗具有积极作用。本文分析儿童支气管哮喘发病的危险因素，现将结果报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2011年8月～2013年5月就诊于我院儿童支气管哮喘患儿176例，均符合儿童支气管哮喘临床诊断标准《儿童支气管哮喘诊断与防治指南》[3]，纳入哮喘组，选取同期正常儿童176例纳入正常组。……