李彩莲

[摘要] 采用回顾性分析的方法对5名高校学生连锁性献血反应发生的情况与处理措施进行分析。精神因素是高校连锁性献血反应发生的主要原因，通过献血活动前或者平时对学生广泛宣传血液生理、献血常识及献血过程等献血相关知识；努力营造整洁舒适、轻松愉快的献血环境；献血过程中医护人员保持亲切和蔼的工作态度；采集前的解释和问询工作做到位；提高采血护士的静脉穿刺技术等措施可以避免或减少高校献血不良反应的发生。

[关键词] 高校学生；连锁性献血反应；献血不良反应

[中图分类号] R193.3   [文献标识码] C   [文章编号] 2095-0616（2014）09-167-03

An analysis of chain reactions to blood donation for five university students

LI Cailian

Department of Physical Examination and Blood Collection, Zhaoqing Central Blood Station, Zhaoqing 526040, China

[Abstract] A retrospective analysis was applied to analyze the situations and measures of chain reactions to blood donation for five university students. Mental factors were one of the main reasons causing the chain reactions to blood donation for university students. Following measures could be applied to avoid or lower the incidence of adverse reactions to blood donation for university students: related knowledge on blood donation including blood physiology, general knowledge of blood donation and its procedure can be widely spread to students before a blood donation or at usual times; a tidy, comfortable and relaxing environment of blood donation should be built for students; medical staff responsible for blood donation need to keep cordial and amiable at all times; explanation and inquiry before blood collection should be carried out thoroughly; intravenous puncture by the nurses in charge of blood collection need to be improved.

[Key words] University students; Chain reaction to blood donation; Adverse reactions to blood donation

在校大、中专学生是我国无偿献血的主力军之一[1-4]，但该年龄段的献血者情绪多不稳定，易产生紧张恐惧心理，且多数献血学生为首次献血者，不仅没有接受过血液生理、献血常识及献血过程的培训，对献血缺乏正确的认识，而且平时身体素质比较好，很少打针甚至从来没有打过针，对扎针采血很敏感，所以很容易发生献血不良反应甚至是连锁性献血反应。连锁性献血反应是指献血者看到他人献血发生不良反应而十分紧张，尚未采血或刚刚采血即发生反应[5]，笔者在高校采血时碰到5例，现报道如下。

1 资料来源

2013年3月13日，本中心血站派两台献血车到本地某高校常规采血，从下午3：00一直持续到晚上7：00，期间一台献血车上一名稍胖的女生献血到80mL时突感心慌、头晕、面色苍白、大汗淋漓，继而抽搐，随即车上另外4名学生相继出现头晕、面色改变等连锁性献血反应，由采血护士记录5名学生相关献血不良反应的情况及处理措施。……