APP下载

委婉语的生态语言学解读

2014-07-21姚吉刚

摘 要: 世界上存在着类似生物群落一样的语言群落,每个语言群落中包括许多语言个体及其变异形式,每种语言个体或其变异形式又包括各种各样的语言形式,委婉语就是一种具有避讳、掩饰、礼貌等诸多语用功能的间接语言形式。与生物物种的发展进化一样,委婉语在其发展的过程中也遵循生态学规律:委婉语间相互竞争,竞争的结果不仅使弱势委婉语走向衰落与消亡,同时也促进了现存委婉语“生态特征”的多样化,委婉语的产生、多样性特点、再委婉现象、语码转换机制、创新,都是与其赖以生存的整个语言生态系统协同进化的结果,其存在符合事物发展的基本规律。

关键词:委婉语;生态学;生态语言学

中图分类号:H034

文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-1101(2014)02-0075-05

收稿日期:2013-11-20

作者简介:姚吉刚(1976-),男,安徽肥东人,讲师,硕士,主要研究方向:认知语言学 语用学 英汉对比研究

Interpretation of euphemism from the perspective of eco-linguistics

YAO Ji-gang

(Department of Foreign Studies, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230061, China)

Abstract: Similar to biological communities, there are many language communities in the world. Each language community includes many languages and their variants, which also include various forms of language, among which euphemism is a kind of indirect language form possessing many pragmatic functions such as avoiding taboo, politeness and hiding. Identical to the evolution of biological species, euphemism also follows ecological laws in its development, as it competes with each other, not only resulting in the weak euphemism to weaken and die out but also promoting the diversification of the existing ecology of euphemism. The emergence, diversity, re-euphemisization, code-switch mechanism and innovation of euphemism are the result of the co-evolution of euphemism and the whole language ecosystem on which it depends, indicating that the existence of euphemism follows the basic law of development.

Key words:euphemism; ecology; eco-linguistics

ecology(生态学)一词源于希腊语oikologos,由oikos 和logos两词根演化而来,oikos 是“栖息地”或“住所”之意,logos 代表学问,因此,通过词源可以得知,生态学是研究生物“栖息地或住所”的科学。德国生物学家赫克尔(Haeckel) 1866 年首次提出该词,他将生态学定义为:研究动物与其生存环境之间相互关系的科学,尤其是动物与其他生物之间的生存利害关系[1]。作为人类交际工具的语言是人际交流的一种最重要方式,它会随着社会的发展而发展。“语言生态”系指语言与所在社会、文化、族群、地理环境之间相互依赖、相互作用的生存发展状态,类似于自然界中生物和非生物之间的生态[2]。……

登录APP查看全文