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包公也断“葫芦案”

2014-07-21李睿潘志勇

李睿+潘志勇

摘 要:作为中国古代清官形象代表,包公是完美无缺的正义化身,在中国司法文化中,包公早已被神化。然而,如果以元杂剧《包待制三勘蝴蝶梦》为样本,在现代法治视野下评判包公,我们会发现不仅《红楼梦》中的贾雨村这位葫芦僧会判葫芦案,身为清官的包公也同样封建迷信十足,他为了所谓的结果正义,在断案中有罪推定,并不惜刑讯逼供,最终导演一场包庇凶犯、枉法裁判的葫芦案。中国司法文化中有根深蒂固的清官情节,但司法公正并不仰仗清官,其根植于法治而非人治。

关键词:包公;《蝴蝶梦》;刑讯;葫芦案

中图分类号:DF73;J80-05

文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-1101(2014)02-0010-03

收稿日期:2014-03-18

作者简介:李睿(1983-),男,安徽蚌埠人,法学博士,体育学博士后,研究方向:法哲学,体育法。

Bao Zheng as the Confounded Judge in A Dream of Butterfly

LI Rui1,PAN Zhi-yong2

(1. School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 310008, China; 2.Tongxiang Peoples Procuratorate, Tongxiang ,Zhejiang,314500, China)

Abstract:As the representative of incorrupt judges in China, Bao Zheng is the symbol and even the god of justice in the eyes of ordinary Chinese people. However, asA Dream of Butterfly shows us, Bao Zheng is nothing but another confounded judge in the opinion of “rule of law” and he is just like Jia Yucun as a confounded monk who ends a confounded case in A Dream of Red Mansions. In A Dream of Butterfly, Bao Zheng also ends a confounded case which is full of inquisition by torture and presumption of guilt. The complex of “incorrupt judge” is deep rooted in Chinese legal culture; however, legal justice is rooted in “rule of law” rather than “incorrupt judges”.

Key words:Bao Zheng; A Dream of Butterfly; inquisition by torture; confounded case

《包待制三勘蝴蝶梦》是关汉卿公案戏代表作。此剧写宋朝某天,王老汉在集市撞上权豪势要葛彪,葛彪把王老汉就地打死,王老汉的三个儿子与母亲随后又把葛彪打死,三人后被移送到包公所在的开封府受审。庭审前,包公做了个关于蝴蝶的梦。庭审中,王母及三个儿子都说是自己把人打死的,包公遂以“不老实”为由,对三人一顿刑讯,最后包公决定处死一人了结此案,可王母在厅堂称宁愿割舍亲生的小儿子,也不愿两位继子受死,这义举打动了包公。包公经过审案,认为王母是节妇,三个儿子均是孝子,再加上那个蝴蝶梦的启示,最后以另案的偷马贼赵顽驴作替死鬼,三兄弟被释放甚至封官。……

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