临终关怀的现实意义与实现路径
2014-07-21徐晓红
摘 要:人口老龄化与死因模式的转变提升了对临终关怀的需要。临终关怀是病人及其家属释放压力的需要,也是社会发展与进步的表现。传统死亡观念阻碍了中国临终关怀事业的发展,故急需将死亡教育纳入相关部门的工作计划,以改变传统死亡观念,提高对临终关怀作用的认识,推广临终关怀的科学方法,并最终提高临终关怀的服务质量。
关键词:人口老龄化;死因模式转变;临终关怀;死亡观念;死亡教育
中图分类号:R828.8
文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-1101(2014)02-0043-04
收稿日期:2013-10-28
作者简介:徐晓红(1960- ),女,江苏宜兴人,副教授,工程硕士,主要从事高职院校管理工作。
Practical significance and realizing path of hospice care
XU Xiao-Hong
(Nantong Textile Vocational Technology College, Nantong, Jiangsu,226007,China)
Abstract:The aging of population and change of death causes prompt the demand for hospice care, which is a requirement for the patients and their families to release pressure as well as a reflection of social progress. The traditional attitudes have impeded the development of Chinese hospice care, so it is urgent that education on death be incorporated into the working plan of related departments to change traditional ideas about death, improve the understanding of the role that hospice care plays, and promote scientific ways of hospice care for the ultimate goal of enhancing the quality of hospice care service.
Key words:aging of population; change of death causes; hospice care; attitudes towards death; education on death
一、临终关怀的内容与目标
临终关怀又称“安宁和缓医疗”、“善终服务”、“安宁疗护”、“姑息疗法” 。桑德斯博士于1967年在英国首创临终关怀院。临终关怀是向临终病人及其家属提供全面的照料,涉及医疗、生理、心理、社会等方面。临终关怀从人道主义精神出发,以照护为主替代治疗为主,以整体服务的形式提供适度治疗,满足患者及亲属的心理需要。临终关怀服务的目的在于使临终病人的生命得到尊重,症状得到减轻,病情得到延缓,生命质量得以提高,安宁、舒适地完成人生的最后旅程,从而使患者亲属的身心健康也得到尽可能的维护。临终关怀服务包括四个方面:(1)对临终者进行姑息性治疗和护理,使其疼痛得到缓解,症状得到控制,增加其舒适感。(2)理解临终者的情绪,尽最大可能减轻焦虑和抑郁,使其从复杂的心理定势中解脱出来,坦然接受并面对现实,避免情绪失控和极端行为,安详走完人生的最后一程。……
