受领迟延制度的属性争议
2014-07-21张阳
摘 要:受领迟延制度是大陆法系一项传统的债法上的制度,我国民法虽然有相关规定,但也未形成系统的制度。受领行为的性质直接决定了受领迟延责任的定性,即迟延受领是否要承担违约责任。主要大陆法系国家包括我国法律中都没有明确规定受领行为的性质,透过学说和外国立法例的分析,受领实质上是债权人的权利,而在一般情况下,受领迟延系对权利的放弃,债权人不承担违约责任;意定或者法定情况下,若违反相关义务,债权人则要承担迟延责任。
关键词:受领迟延;权利;义务;不真正义务
中图分类号:D9
文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-1101(2014)02-0013-03
收稿日期:2013-12-20
作者简介:张阳(1993-),女,上海人,在读硕士,研究方向:民商法学。
On the dispute about characteristics of defaulted acceptance behavior
ZHANG Yang
(College of Postgraduate Education,East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 200042, China)
Abstract:Default of acceptance is an important legal system of obligation law of continental law system, yet Chinas civil law system is still lacking in a systematic system. The definition of acceptance determines the nature of the responsibility of defaulted receiving, i.e, whether the creditor should be liable for the breach of contract or not. Most continental law countries include the qualities not explicitly regulated in our country. The analysis of theory and foreign legislation denotes that acceptance is substantially the right of creditors. Under normal circumstances, the default of acceptance is the abandonment of rights and the creditor bears no liability for the breach of contract; by agreement or legal provisions, if violating the obligations, creditors should be liable for the default.
Key words:default of acceptance; right; obligations; obliegenheit
一、债权人迟延相关概述
债权人迟延(default of the creditor),或称受领迟延,是指债权人对于已提供的给付,未为受领或未为其他给付完成所必要的协力的事实[1]。在债的履行中,给付既包括债务人单方即可完成,又包括需债权人和债务人双方配合才可完成的。前者如脱密期间履行保密等不作为的债务,只要债务人不泄露有关工作业务秘密,合同债务便得以履行;后者则普遍存在于双务合同中,只有债权人完成协助行为或者接受给付,当事人才能履行合同和实现交易。债权人的延迟受领,使得债务人陷入债务拘束中,债务人不仅无法进行新的交易,而且有可能承受履行迟延所产生的负担或不利益。债权人的迟延履行不仅有违公平原则,且妨碍了正常的交易秩序。……
