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木瓜蛋白酶酶解海蜇脑蛋白工艺的优化

2014-06-28程水明,赵俊仁

湖北农业科学 2014年7期

程水明,赵俊仁(等)

摘要:为探讨木瓜蛋白酶酶解海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)脑蛋白质的最佳工艺,考察了酶解温度、酶用量、固液比、酶解时间、pH对海蜇脑蛋白酶解的影响,通过单因素试验、正交试验优化了工艺参数。结果表明,以酶用量3 000 U/g、pH 5、酶解温度45 ℃、固液比1∶4、酶解2 h为最优酶解参数组合,验证试验得到蛋白质平均水解度为50.11%,表明该优化工艺可行。

关键词:海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum);蛋白质酶解;木瓜蛋白酶;正交试验

中图分类号:TS254.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2014)07-1649-05

Optimizing Enzymolysis Process of Protein from Jellyfish Brain via Papain Protease

CHENG Shui-ming,ZHAO Jun-ren,WANG Chun,LIANG Jian-tao,ZHANG Qing

(College of Chemistry and Life Science, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China)

Abstract: The optimal technology for enzymolysis of jellyfish(Rhopilema esculentum) brain protein by papain protease was investigated. Effects of enzymolysis temperature, the amount of added enzyme, solid/liquid ratio, enzymolysis time and pH on the enzymolysis of total protein were studied through single factor experiments. Technical parameters were optimized by orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the amount of added enzyme of 3 000 U/g, pH 5, enzymolysis temperature of 45 ℃, solid/liquid ratio of 1∶4 and the amount of added enzyme time for 2 h were the optimal combination of parameters for the enzymolysis. The average degree of hydrolysis obtained from the verification tests was 50.11%, indicating that the optimized results of the orthogonal experiment were workable.

Key words: jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum); protein enzymolysis; papain protease; orthogonal experiment

海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)俗称鲊鱼、海蛇,属于根口水母科(Rhizootomatidae)、海蜇属(Rhopilema)的无缘膜动物,广泛分布在我国南海、东海、黄海和渤海,具有较高的营养价值和药用价值,营养丰富,脂肪含量低,蛋白质和无机盐类等的含量丰富[1-4],含有不饱和脂肪酸AA、EPA和DHA等[5]。可治疗高血压、支气管炎、淋巴结核等病症。海蜇中所含的活性物质,如功能蛋白、多糖等有很好的保健作用,具有改善皮肤弹性、清除自由基、促进新陈代谢等功效[6-9]。

我国海蜇年产量达70万t[10],主要作为凉拌食品,加工食用海蜇主要利用其伞部,非食用部分占总体的28%,被用于生产鱼粉供水产和陆地畜禽养殖,但由于加工技术落后,不但产品得率和附加值低,而且严重污染近海水域[11]。非食用部分直接丢弃而未被利用,会造成更为严重的资源浪费和环境污染。海蜇废弃物(脑)蛋白质含量很高(约为脑干重的60%),且生长在特殊环境(高盐、高压、低氧和低光照),其蛋白质氨基酸组成或序列都与陆地生物蛋白质有很大不同。所含生物活性物质可能具有潜在的抗癌、抗病毒和抗衰老等作用,可作为人类治疗疾病药物的理想候选材料[12,13]。……

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