徐意坤 高峰

摘 要：太极拳是中国优秀的传统武术之一，吸收了历代各武术大家的拳术精华综合而成，其健身、防身及思想意义已得到世人的广泛认可。对其套路、技击的学习和使用，前人已经总结了很多技巧方法。研究发现：前人的很多方法都是直白的文字表述和抽象比喻表达，或者是直觉型，让太极拳学习者往往无从理解或根本无法领略出其真正的含义，故将通过理论力学原理对于太极拳的借力用力、四两拨千斤、离心力、向心力等进行分析，并结合太极拳理论规律，进一步说明这些经典技击动作的运动学规律，同时再利用人体运动力学，旨在让读者更好地明白太极拳各种力的来去之道，为什么可以借力用力、四两拨千斤，怎样才能借力用力、四两拨千斤等，也让读者在练习过程中能更好地领悟太极拳技击遵循的规律。武术的提升必须要有强有力的理论科学基础，故借物理力学和人体运动力学等理论对太极拳理论体系进行补充，使得太极拳的技击更具有真实性。

关键词： 太极拳；技击；力学

中图分类号： G 852 文章编号：1009-783X（2014）04-0380-05 文献标志码： A

Abstract：Absorbing the essence of other martial arts comprehensively，shadowboxing is one of China's outstanding traditional martial arts，and its function of keeping fitness，self-defense skills，and ideological significance has been recognized by the world widely.pedecessors have summarized many methods as to how to learn and use its moves and art of attacking and defending，but this research found that the description of many previous methods are only very straightforward and sometimes with abstract metaphor，in other word，many predecessors summary is intuitive，leaving learners difficulty to understand or appreciate its true meaning.Therefore this article analyzed the Tai-ji rules of leveraging the power of rivals，moving thousand cattle with four tales，centrifugal force and centripetal force within the framework of the theoretical mechanics principle.Combining the theory of shadowboxing，the article showed the kinematics law of these classic arts of Tai-ji.At the same time，it turns to the mechanics of human motion to make readers understand the coming and going of tai-ji forces and the secrets of leveraging the power of rivals，moving thousand cattle with four tales，and how to achieve them. The article aims to let readers appreciate the art of Tai-ji and follow the relevant principle in the process of practicing.The promotion of martial arts needs a strong scientific theory，and this paper will supplement tai-ji theory system with the physical mechanics and the mechanics of human motion to make the art of shadowboxing bear more authenticity.

Keywords：shadowboxing；the art of attack and defence；mechanics

太极拳名为太极者，盖取法于易经阴阳动静之理，盈虚消长之机。运动作势，纯任自然，圆活运动如环之无端，循环往复，无休无止，气象万千，变化莫测，故名之曰“太极拳”。

太极拳在形成的过程中吸收了中国经典道家思想和中国历代武术大家的精华，同时，太极拳历代大家又对于太极拳进行不断的实践研究补充和理论创新，使得太极拳成为了现在集健身、技击为一体的优秀武术项目。……