应用高级结构提高学生写作能力的策略研究
2014-04-20黄世昌
黄世昌
(三明市尤溪县第一中学,福建 三明 365100)
《2010 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语考试说明》对高考英语写作评分标准的档次提出了明确的要求,其最高档次(21 分~25 分)的要求是:完全完成了试题规定的任务;覆盖所有内容要点;应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。也就是说,教师要想让学生拿到高考作文最高档次得分,改变目前写作的瓶颈现象,就必须着眼于指导学生应用较高级的词汇和丰富的句式及结构。
一、在简单句中使用高级形式
(一)提取高级词汇
词汇量能反映一个人知识贮存量的多少,也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标准。表达要生动具体、准确多样,要有细节支撑。具体做法为:多用高中学过的词汇代替初中的词汇,孤独的名词用形容词来修饰,孤独的形容词、动词、过去分词可以用副词来修饰,孤独的介词短语中可加入适当的形容词或副词。考生要想取得高分,就要强化使用复杂、高级的词汇。高中学过的形容词、副词比初中更高级,如果能运用娴熟,则具有表达生动、情感丰富之功效。例如:
The majority of students believe that the part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal (人际的)skills.
→The majority of students firmly believe that the part-time job will undoubtedly provide them with golden opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills tremendously (巨大地).
Necessary facilities are also available, making it more convenient for students’study.
Fortunately, under the leadership of the government, we can delightedly find the school as well-built as it was before.
(1)短语优先。写作时优先使用习语(短语、成语),可以使语言有文采。例如:
In his(Edison’s)life time, he wanted to know how things worked.
→In his life time, he was always eager to know how things worked.
I can no longer bear the way he speaks to us.
→I can no longer put up with the way he speaks to us.
(2)避免重复。尽量避免过多地使用某一个单词,必要时选择使用其他恰当的同义词或词组来代替。如2012 届高三调研测试(二)的英语作文题:有人对林书豪(Jeremy Lin)的未来发展进行一项社会调查,请你根据调查结果写一篇150 词的英语短文。……
