赵书言，周浩然，赵 蕊

（哈尔滨理工大学 材料科学与工程学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨150040）

壳聚糖缓释微球的制备与表征

赵书言，周浩然，赵 蕊

（哈尔滨理工大学 材料科学与工程学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨150040）

以壳聚糖(Chitosan)、戊二醛(Glutaraldehyde)、尿素(Urea)为主要原料，采用乳化—化学交联法制备尿素—壳聚糖缓释微球。通过红外光谱测试，分析缓释微球的结构特征；通过扫描电镜测试，观察微球的微观形貌；通过交联度测试确定戊二醛的最佳用量；通过缓释测试，测定壳聚糖微球的缓释效果。结果表明：采用乳化—化学交联法成功制备尿素—壳聚糖缓释微球；交联剂最佳用量为1mL；缓释微球中尿素在48h后基本缓释完全，表明制备的缓释微球有良好的缓释效果。

壳聚糖；微球；缓释

Abstract:The urea-chitosan sustained release microspheres are prepared with using chitosan,glutaraldehyde and urea as the main raw materials by emulsification-chemical crosslinking method.The structural characteristics of sustained release microspheres are studied by infrared spectra.The micro-morphology of microspheres is observed by scanning electron microscopy.The optimum dosage of glutaraldehyde is determined by the test of cross-linking degree.The sustained release effect is measured by sustained release measurement.The results showed that the chitosan sustainedrelease microspheres were successfully prepared by emulsification-chemical crosslinking method,the optimum dosage of crosslinking agent was 1mL.Urea in sustained release microspheres released completely after 48h.It indicated that the sustained release microspheres had good sustained release effect.

Key words:Chitosan;microspheres;sustained release

引 言

随着我国农业的发展，化肥需求量不断增多，目前使用的化肥以速效肥料为主，虽然肥效快，但利用率较低，同时会造成环境污染[1]。缓释型肥料，可以较好控制肥料养分的释放速度，提高肥料利用率，有效防止肥料养分流失，从而达到减少施肥次数，延长肥效期，提高肥效的作用，因而该种肥料在农业中应用前景广阔[2,3]。壳聚糖（chitosan）是由自然界中广泛存在的几丁质（chitin）经过脱乙酰作用得到的，化学名称为聚葡萄糖胺[(1-4)-2-氨基-B-D葡萄糖][4]。壳聚糖具有可降解、安全无毒、可抑菌抗菌、良好的透过性等诸多的优点，目前人们已视它为一种良好的缓释材料，并且广泛应用于医药、化工、农业等各个领域。本文以壳聚糖和尿素为主要原料制备尿素—壳聚糖缓释微球，并对微球进行结构表征及缓释效果测试。……