超声辅助制高取代度羧甲基淀粉钠的研究
2011-09-24李成吾张天罡周金华左继成
李成吾,张天罡,周金华,左继成
(1.沈阳理工大学 材料科学与工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110168;2.沈阳桐赫日化有限公司,辽宁 沈阳 110044)
超声辅助制高取代度羧甲基淀粉钠的研究
李成吾1,张天罡2,周金华1,左继成1
(1.沈阳理工大学 材料科学与工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110168;2.沈阳桐赫日化有限公司,辽宁 沈阳 110044)
采用异丙醇溶剂二次加碱法,水浴加热,并分别在碱化前、碱化中和醚化中施加超声辅助作用,制备羧甲基淀粉钠。研究了超声辅助作用对淀粉颗粒形貌和产品取代度的影响。结果表明:随超声辅助作用时间增加,玉米淀粉颗粒变得光滑,大小也变得均匀;与无超声作用比较,碱化前超声辅助分散1h,取代度可提高50%;碱化和醚化反应中,超声作用有碍反应的进行。
高取代度;羧甲基淀粉钠;超声辅助;异丙醇
Abstract:Carboxymethyl Starch Sodium was prepared by using isopropanol as the solvent and two step addition of alkali,under the condition of water bath and with the assistance of ultrasonic wave auxiliary before alkalization,during alkalization and etherification respectively.The effect of assistance of ultrasonic wave on granule appearance of corn starch and the substitution degree were investigated.The results indicated that the granule appearance of corn starch became smooth and the dimension became uniform with the increase of ultrasonic time.In contrast with without ultrasonic,the substitution degree increased by 50%if used ultrasonic for 1h before alkalization,and the chemical reaction was inhibited if the ultrasonic was used during alkalization and etherification.
Key words:High substitution degree;carboxymethyl starch sodium;assistance of ultrasonic wave;isopropanol
前 言
羧甲基淀粉钠(简称CMS)具有羧基所固有的鳌合、离子交换、多聚阴离子的絮凝作用及酸功能等性质;也具有大分子溶液的性能,如增稠、糊化、水分吸收、黏附性及成膜性(包括抗脂性及抗水性)[1],因而被广泛应用于日用化学品、食品、医药、纺织、造纸、石油钻井、冶金等工业[2]。高取代度羧甲基淀粉钠具有黏度高、稳定性好、可溶冷水、吸水性强等特点,其应用范围更广。目前,国外CMS产品已系列化,年产量在600万吨以上,占淀粉总量的50%,国内工业化CMS产量10万吨左右,大多数是中、低取代度产品(DS≤0.8),高取代度羧甲基淀粉钠的制备工艺还处于研制阶段。
CMS是由淀粉和氯乙酸或其钠盐在碱性条件下进行醚化反应制得。……
