李　琪　徐世忠　刘红珍

【摘要】本文运用文献资料、调查访问等研究方法,采用STAI状态特质焦虑问卷,对景德镇市一中近几年体育专业考生的考前焦虑水平及影响因素进行分析和探讨。结果表明,与日常情境相比,考试情境下状态焦虑水平显著提高,保持较适宜的唤醒水平有利于积极的应对高压力考试情境而过度焦虑会造成发挥失常。因此,对体育专业考生有针对性地从情绪、认知、生理等方面对考前心理状态加以调整是取得体育高考优异成绩的关键。并对考前的高焦虑状态的调整方法进行了探讨,以期为体育高考指导工作提供帮助。

【关键词】体育考生、焦虑、心理调整

Before the sports college major takes a test, the anxious condition investigation and study

LiQiXu ShizhongLiu Hongzhen

【Abstract】This article utilizes research techniques and so on literature material, investigation visit, uses the STAI condition special characteristic anxious questionnaire, tests the anxious level and the influencing factor in recent years before a Jingde Town sports specialized examinee carries on the analysis and the discussion. The result indicated that compares with the daily situation, under the test situation the condition anxious level obviously enhances, maintains is suitable awakens the level to be advantageous positively to deals with the high pressure test situation, but excessively anxious will cause the display to be abnormal. Therefore, to the sports specialized examinee from aspects and so on mood, cognition, physiology the psychology adjusts before testing is target-oriented obtains the sports college entrance examination excellent result the key. And has carried on the discussion before the testing high anxious condition's regulation means that instructs the work take the time as the sports college entrance examination to provide the help.

【Key words】Sports examinee, anxious, psychological adjustment

1.前言

长期以来,我国中学的体育高考生的运动训练主要以技能传授为主,重视身体训练和基本技术训练,并将其视为成绩好坏的直接反映,但在重要赛事和考试上,总有一些学生会因极度焦虑,造成成绩不理想。现代心理学研究表明,运动成绩与焦虑的程度有密切关系,其相关程度可以用“倒U 型”假说来说明,即焦虑程度与学习成绩运动水平呈“倒U 型”曲线理论关系。适中焦虑程度对运动技能学习和竞赛最为有效,过分的焦虑或无动于衷的状态都不能很好地表现出来良好的学习成绩和运动水平。此外,运动过程包含有一系列复杂的心理活动,早期进行的有关运动焦虑类型的研究结果都表明,运动成绩决定性的影响因素还在于运动员是怎样感知造成焦虑的运动情境以及怎样运用各种方法和技术来处理比赛压力的。……