1895年12月28日法国奥古斯特•卢米埃尔和路易•卢米埃尔兄弟在巴黎卡普辛路14号大咖啡馆的地下室，第一次播放了自己拍摄的《火车到站》、《水浇园丁》、《工厂的大门》等十余部短片，从此，这天就成为电影的诞生日。而现在，电影已经成为人们生活中的一部分，满足精神和文化上的双重享受。丹尼尔•贝尔曾经说过“我坚信，当代文化正逐渐成为视觉文化……这是人们从19世纪中叶开始经历的那种地理和社会的流动以及应运而产生的一种新美学。”从本期开始，《电影传奇》就带你一起在浮光掠影中感受电影文化的魅力。

编者按：说到盖•里奇也许很多中国人对他并不熟悉，甚至从未听过，但他在西方独立电影界声名显赫，是少数非科班出身的天才导演，但是如果说到宁浩，说到《疯狂的石头》、《疯狂的赛车》你就绝对不会陌生了，这些在中国反响热烈的电影的拍摄手法都来源于盖•里奇，本期《电影传奇》我们就一起来看看这位“疯狂”的英国雅痞盖•里奇。

Filmography

Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1999)

Snatch (2000)

The Hire: Star (2001)

Swept Away (2002)

Revolver (2005)

RocknRolla (2008)

Sherlock Holmes (2009)

电影目录

《两杆大烟枪》（1999）

《偷拐抢骗》（2000）

《明星》（2001）

《浩劫妙冤家》（2002）

《转轮手枪》（2005）

《摇滚帮》（2008）

《大侦探福尔摩斯》（2009）

Though he may have enjoyed cultivating his image as a bad boy from the wrong side of the tracks, British filmmaker Guy Ritchies roots are steeped in Englands upper class. Nonetheless, Ritchie has directed some of the most stylish caper comedies about blue collar thugs and other lower class misfits ever to emerge from his native land. Hes also famous for being Madonnas husband – or was, as the two have recently divorced.

尽管他可能享受着将自己打造成来自贫民阶层的坏男孩形象，英国导演盖•里奇却来自于英国的上层社会。虽然如此，盖•里奇导演了多部关于工人阶层混混以及其它低收入人群的最另类犯罪喜剧，这些都来自于他的故土。作为麦当娜的丈夫也令他名噪一时——应该是曾经，最近他们已经离婚了。

Who is Guy Ritchie？

谁是盖•里奇？

Guy Ritchie was born in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK in 1968. After watching Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) as a child, Guy realized that what he wanted to do was to make films. He never attended film school, saying that the work of film school graduates was boring and unwatchable. Instead, he made his own kind of films.

盖•里奇于1968年出生于英格兰赫特福德郡哈特菲尔德。在孩童时期观看了《虎豹小霸王》后，盖•里奇意识到自己想要拍电影。他从未上过电影学校，他认为电影学院毕业的学生的作品都很无聊，没有可看性。于是他拍摄了带有自己独特风格的电影。

After he dropped out of school, Ritchie got a job which proved to be the start of his film career. The profits that he made from directing promos was invested into writing and making the film The Hard Case (1995), which is a twenty minute short film about a group of blue-collar lads entering a high-stakes poker game. This film demonstrated his fine-tuned ear for working class dialects and penchant for deftly crafted plots centered in the criminal world. Most important, The Hard Case attracted the attention of Sting's wife, Trudie Styler, who invested into his first feature film, Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels. Starting with this movie, Ritchie arrived onto the filmmaking landscape with a unique twist on an old genre that gainfully employed flashy camera moves, punchy dialogue tinged with thick Cockney accents, and a seemingly endless series of double-crosses that landed a motley crew of East End thugs in more trouble than they ever wanted. But once the film was completed, the hard task of getting it distributed then came about, with ten British distributors all turning it down before the film eventually got the attention of Tom Cruise, who saw a screening and laughed his head off. The film finally received distribution in the United States.

在辍学之后，盖•里奇找了份工作，后来被认为是他电影职业生涯的开始。他拍广告片所赚到的钱全都用于投资编写和拍摄《The Hard Case》——一部20分钟的短片，讲述的是一群下层的混混卷入一个暴利的纸牌赌博游戏。这部电影展示了他对工人阶级方言的高超模仿力以及对熟练剪辑以犯罪世界为中心的故事情节的强烈嗜好。最重要的是，《The Hard Case》吸引了斯汀的妻子朱蒂•斯蒂勒的注意，随后她投资了盖•里奇的第一部电影《两杆大烟枪》。从这部电影开始，盖•里奇凭借着对旧电影类型独一无二的改编和颠覆能力开始进军电影界。他巧妙地大量使用快镜头和喋喋不休的伦敦腔对白来营造整个伦敦东区世界。他的主角们都是一群流氓，通过一系列出卖欺骗，把自己陷进了无法想象的困境之中。但电影刚拍摄结束时，他遇到了最大的难题——如何发行，而英国十家发行商都拒绝发行这部影片，直到它引起了汤姆•克鲁斯的注意。他在观看了影片后狂笑不止。最终，影片在全美发行。

His second feature film was Snatch (2000), which was a return to the familiar territory of low-life thugs and working-class gangsters all haphazardly vying against each other for some seemingly unobtainable prize. This time he had a bigger budget and a few more famous faces such as Brad Pitt, Dennis Farina, Benicio Del Toro, as well as with a couple of stars returning from Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels such as Jason Statham, Vinnie Jones and Jason Flemyng. It was also a success, taking a record £3 million on its first weekend, but some critics complained it was nothing more than a variation on his previous film.

盖•里的第二部电影《偷拐抢骗》又回到了熟悉的领域，关于底层混混和下层流氓为了一个无法获得的财宝而无意卷在一起的故事。这次盖•里奇拥有充足的资金和一些大牌明星，如布拉德•皮特、丹尼斯•法里纳、本尼西奥•德尔•托，还有一些来自《两杆大烟枪》的明星，像杰森•斯坦森、文尼•琼斯和杰森•弗莱明。这部电影也很成功，首次周末票房就达到3百万，但是一些评论家抱怨说这部影片只是第一部影片的翻版。

It was about this time that Ritchie married American music legend Madonna, who is nearly a decade older than him. The celebrated couples first product was the controversial music video for Madonnas hit song What It Feels Like for a Girl, which many other stations refused to air because it depicted Madonna engaging in numerous forms of over-the-top violence. The two reteamed for the fast-paced and mildly amusing short film, Star (2001), which was part of an eight-episode series of high-profile vignettes for BMW. Then they hit the big screen together the following year when Ritchie directed his wife in the romantic comedy Swept Away (2002), a dismal remake of Lina Wertmuller's 1974 Italian film of the same title, in which Madonna plays a spoiled rich woman marooned on a deserted island with a spirited sailor. The movie earned five Golden Raspberry Awards, a mocking equivalent of the Oscars for bad movies, including Worst Actress, Worst Director and Worst Picture.

这时候盖•里奇与美国的音乐传奇人物麦当娜结婚了，麦当娜比他要大上10岁。这对名人夫妻的首部作品就是备受争议的麦当娜主打歌《What It Feels Like for a Girl》的音乐录影带，多家电台拒绝播放，因为其中描绘了麦当娜从事多种极端暴力行为。这对夫妻重新组合在一起拍摄了一个快节奏的有趣短片《明星》，这是为宝马新款跑车拍摄的八个短篇之一。第二年，他们又凭借盖•里奇导演、麦当娜主演的浪漫喜剧《浩劫妙冤家》冲击大银屏，这是一部改编自里娜•韦特缪勒1974年拍摄的意大利同名电影的拙劣之作，其中麦当娜扮演了一个身陷荒岛的富家女和一个英勇的船员的故事。该影片获得了五项金草莓奖（一个模仿奥斯卡金像奖、向劣片致敬的颁奖典礼），其中包括最烂女演员、最烂导演和最烂影片奖。

It was hardly the kind of reception Ritchie was used to. Ritchie was unable to shake off the bad vibes after directing his next film, Revolver (2005), a dense, pretentious and just plain dull return to gangland. Because Ritchie layered the film with numerous hidden spiritual, mystical and psychological references, even star Jason Statham had to watch the film several times until he felt he finally got it. But of the few who did, most only watched once and panned the overly-complicated film outright. This film was both a critical and commercial disappointment.

这不是盖•里奇过去所得到的反响。在2005年拍摄了下一部电影《转轮手枪》后他也无法摆脱恶劣的影响，这只是一部回归到黑社会话题的无聊自负的电影。因为盖•里奇给电影赋予了太多精神上的、神秘的以及心理上的隐晦寓意，即使是明星杰森•斯坦森也必须要看好几遍才能明白。但是只有少数人才会看上好几遍，大多数看了一遍就完全放弃了这过于复杂的电影。它在评论和商业上都差强人意。

In 2008, Ritchie directed a commercial for Nike called Take It to the Next Level. Then he directed his third London gangster movie, Rocknrolla (2008), which was exemplified by Ritchies sharp return to his former film style. Now Ritchie is making a new movie, Sherlock Holmes.

2008年，盖•里奇为耐克拍摄了广告片《Take It to the Next Level》。然后他又导演了第三部关于伦敦黑帮的片子《摇滚帮》，这是他迅速回归到以前电影风格的标志。现在盖•里奇正在拍摄新片《福尔摩斯》。

Unique Filmic Style

另类的电影

Like his more famous American counterpart, Quentin Tarantino, Ritchie has established a unique filmic style. Lets examine some aspects of it.

想和他地位相当但更出名的美国导演昆汀•塔伦蒂诺一样，盖•里奇也建立了自己独特的电影风格。下面我们就一起来总结一下吧。

Postmodernism

后现代主义风格

Like television, postmodern movies and films are a mainstay of mass-market American culture, utilising a variety of techniques to create a sense of fragmented narratives and convey the often surreal realities of contemporary life. The range of independent films to big budget Hollywood blockbusters all exhibit many of the postmodern motifs shared by other art forms. In Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels and Snatch, Ritchie uses lots of descriptions and narrations of life to express the central references of postmodernism.

像电视剧一样，后现代主义风格影片也是美国主流文化市场的中坚力量，它利用多种技能来营造出一种支离破碎的叙述方式，传达一种现代生活的超现实的真实性。从独立电影到大制作的好莱坞影片和其它艺术形式都体现了后现代主义的主旨。在《两杆大烟枪》中，盖•里奇通过对生命的大量描述和叙说来表达后现代主义的中心思想。

Ritchies movies have fragmented plots and a multi-line narrative, much like Tarantinos.Whereas Tarantino tends to divide the plot into several clear parts and then do cross development, Ritchie prefers to have multiple viewpoints on a single scene, such as the crash scene in Smash.They also rely heavily on coincidence. In Ritchies films, anything is possible, and coincidences can send characters lives to Hell – or Heaven.

他的电影多为支离破碎的情节和多线叙述方式，这点和昆汀很像。但昆汀是将情节分成不同的场景然后再交叉发展，盖•里奇更倾向于从多角度来观察单个场景，就像《偷拐抢骗》中那场撞车的戏。他们还非常注重巧合。在盖•里奇的电影中，任何事都可能发生，巧合可以送你下地狱，也能送你上天堂。

Quick Montage

快速剪辑

A montage is short sequence of clipped images or actions shown in fast motion, accompanied by sound effects. Richie often reverses cause and effect, introducing the result before telling the reason, which adds a kind of black humor to his works. Multiple characters and intersecting storylines at high speed confuse the sequence of time and convey a powerful, exciting experience to the viewer.

蒙太奇手法是指快速展现一系列连续的图片和动作，并配上音效。盖•里奇经常本末倒置，在介绍原因之前先表明结果，这给他的作品增添了一点黑色幽默。快节奏下的多角色和交叉情节将时间顺序打乱，为观众们传达了一种强有力的刺激体验。

Violence

暴力

Ritchies movies are very frequently violent, often casually so. This has caused them to be banned or censored in several countries, but his fans claim it conveys the lifestyle the characters, often criminals, lead, as well as adding a kinetic excitement to the films.

盖•里奇的电影里常出现暴力，经常是很随意的，这也使得它们在很多国家被禁止或者审查，但影迷们宣称这表达了角色们像罪犯、首领的生活方式，也给影片增加了激情。

Britishness

英伦风

Ritchies films are extremely British, both in their use of dry, ironic humor, and in their choice of music. He always prefers to use contemporary British groups, drawing on the rich London music scene. He also makes great use of local color, from the harsh Cockney accents of his characters to the dark streets of the East End of London.

很显然，无论是在对枯燥、反讽的幽默还是音乐的选择上，盖•里奇的电影充斥着浓郁的英伦风。他一直都喜欢启用当代英国的乐队，运用丰富多样的伦敦音乐场景。他还大量使用当地色彩，从主角们的伦敦腔到伦敦东区的黑色街道。

Guy Ritchie in China

中国式的盖•里奇

In China, there is a young director who has been called China's Guy Ritchie, Ning Hao. Most moviegoers know his last movie Crazy Stone, which is about a precious jade piece, and those who want to protect or steal it, but now his new movie Crazy Racer has drawn attention in China. This latest film is a bit more convoluted than Crazy Stone, featuring five groups and more than 10 characters. These characters lives are interwoven with others in unimagined but convincing and comical ways.

在中国，有一个年轻的导演被称为“中国的盖•里奇”，他就是宁浩。大多数影迷都知道他的上一部电影《疯狂的石头》，它围绕着一个珍贵的玉石，讲述了一群想保护它和盗窃它的人的故事，现在他的新电影《疯狂的赛车》又吸引了中国人的目光，这部最新作品比《疯狂的石头》要复杂一些，其中囊括了五组不同的人马和10个以上的角色。这些角色的生活都以一种不可想象但令人信服的喜剧方式纠缠在一起。

We have seen multiple characters and intersecting storylines in several Western films, such as Pulp Fiction, but this is the first film by a Chinese director to use this style. With so much switching and double-switching, coincidences and chance encounters this could be very confusing, but Ning believes audiences won't have trouble understanding the plot despite its complications. Replaying events from different perspectives give the viewer time to digest the intricacy of the situations while enjoying the flash, colourful cinematography. The other thing is there are no big-name stars. However, this kind of low-budget style attracts the audiences eye, so that the director can find his own comedy pace and style.

我们在西方电影中见过多角色和交叉情节的拍摄手法，像《低俗小说》，但这是中国导演首次使用这种方式。如此多的转换和双重转换、巧合以及偶遇，这些都很难以理解，尽管如此，宁浩觉得观众们在理解剧情上不会有什么问题。不断从各个角度回放片段让观众们在欣赏精彩场景和美丽画面时，也给他们时间来理解情形的错综复杂。另一点值得注意的是影片里几乎没有大牌明星。这种低成本的制作吸引了观众，所以导演也找到了自己的喜剧步调和方式。

Perhaps Ning Hao copies Ritchies style too directly, though, and it may not survive after this movie. In Crazy Race, the ending is rather weak, with no twists or surprises. We hope that hell develop his range further in his own movies, however. Ritchie suffers from the same problem; none of his later movies can really compare to Lock, Stock, and Two Smoking Barrels.

可能宁浩太过于模仿盖•里奇的风格，这部影片之后也许就没有市场了。在《疯狂的赛车》中结局太过平淡，毫无曲折和意外，我们希望他能够发展属于自己的电影。盖•里奇也面临着同样的问题，他的后期作品没有一部能够比得上《两杆大烟枪》。

Now Ritchie is busy working on his new movie Sherlock Holmes - based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's famous super-sleuth – which sees Holmes engage in a homoerotic relationship with his sidekick Dr. Watson. Robert Downey Jr. - who plays the crime-busting detective opposite Jude Law's Doctor Watson – said, Were two men (Holmes and Watson) who happen to be room-mates, wrestle a lot and share a bed. According to reports, Sherlock is seen sharing a bed with Dr. Watson. They're also shown doing some down home 'man-to-man' wrestling! Perhaps this bold new homoerotic approach to a Victorian classic will spark a new style, and more successes, for this filmmaker.

现在盖•里奇正忙于拍摄他的新电影《福尔摩斯》——根据阿瑟•柯南•道尔爵士著名的侦探小说改编——在这部影片中我们会看见福尔摩斯与他的搭档华生医生陷入了同性恋情。影片由小罗伯特•唐尼扮演侦探福尔摩斯， 裘德•洛扮演华生医生，小罗伯特•唐尼说：“我们两个（福尔摩斯和华生）刚好是室友，共用一张床，经常‘摔跤。”根据报道说，福尔摩斯和华生医生是睡在一张床上的。他们还会上演“男人和男人”的肉搏战！对于盖•里奇来说，可能这种从同性恋情的角度来演绎这部维多利亚时期经典故事的拍摄手法会促成新的电影模式和类型，也许会更成功。

宁浩

1977年出生于中国山西，毕业于北京电影学院摄影系。宁浩的学生电影《星期四，星期三》（2001）获得了当年北京大学生电影节最佳导演奖和中国大学生电影数码媒体竞赛银奖。宁浩的首部电影处女作《香火》（2003）在瑞士罗卡洛举行了首映，并获得东京银座电影节大奖，之后又获得香港国际电影节亚洲DV竞赛单元金奖。该电影同时被香港艺术中心授予2004年最佳电影，也是圣赛瓦斯蒂安、温哥华、慕尼黑、马尼拉、悉尼、加州、台湾南方影展等其他七大国际电影节的评委会入选影片。他的新作《绿草地》入选2004年柏林电影节和香港电影节，并获得上海电影节亚洲区最受欢迎奖。该片在纽约上映期间获得了纽约时报的高度。2006年得到广泛好评的低成本影片《疯狂的石头》使宁浩名声鹊起。《疯狂的赛车》是宁浩与中影华纳横店影视有限公司再次推出的力作，也受到普遍的好评。

Tips

Classic Lines

经典台词

宁浩的电影里充斥着盖•里奇式的黑色幽默，我们就一起来感受一下带有中国本土特色的爆笑台词。

《疯狂的石头》

黑皮：“牌子啊！班尼路！”

——民工用假名牌,然后向别人炫耀。中国人用假名牌的做法太过普及，用假名牌不可耻的思想也已经深入骨髓了。中层人士用名牌或假名牌满足自己的虚荣心，下层或者普通民众则是明知道是假名牌仍然乐此不疲地购买。

你侮辱了我的人格，还侮辱我的智商。

——道哥女友被人泡了，还误把真宝石放回去换了个假宝石回来，他向厂长的儿子“算账”时说。

经理怒道：“狗日的，高科技啦，还搞无人驾驶。没看到我的车上写着别摸（ＢＭＷ）我么？ ”

——包世宏偷拿厂里的车练习车技。岂料从缆车上掉下一罐可乐，砸碎了他的车窗。包下车查看忘拉手刹。车自行滑坡撞上了经理的宝马。

《疯狂的赛车》

“我要你看一下，啥叫干一行，爱一行。”

——“哼哈二将”（也就是电影里的笨贼）中的姐夫向胆小的妹夫示范怎么杀人。

“你敢不娶我妹，我就不娶你姐，反正你姐肚子已经让我搞大了”。

——“哼哈二将” 的姐夫向胆小的妹夫说要赚钱然后结婚生子。

妹夫心虚说：“我们这叫不叫多行不义必自毙？”姐夫一脸严肃说：“没有胆量哪来的产量？”

——“哼哈二将”将“目标”（雇主老婆，一个肥婆）抓到车上。

“利润高啊！用你的话来说，机会决定命运！”

——因为本来要谋杀的“目标”出了比自己原来雇主更高的价钱，“哼哈二将”见钱眼开，决定反过来把“目标”当客户。

“俺是职业杀手都下不了手，你也太狠心了！”

——“客户”误杀了自己的老婆，“哼哈二将”发出如上惊叹。

“地下CBD，人生后花园！这么好的服务，我天天在这里工作，都恨不得给自己来一全套！”

——徐峥扮演的墓葬推销商大力向黄渤扮演的耿浩推销一套高级墓地兼“十八相送”服务。

黑老大：“帮我再查一下。”

小姐甲镇定地说：“我已经查了所有的Zoom（room）都没有，我们的酒店是英特耐舍nou（internationl）。”

小姐乙暴跳如雷，扯开嗓子大叫：“我都告诉你多少遍了，没有就是没有，我们这可是五星级酒店！？！？”

——黑帮老大在宾馆前台要求小姐确认入住顾客。

Notes

1. wrong side of the tracks

意为“城市中贫民区、贫民阶层”，而born on the wrong side of the tracks就是指出身贫苦。

例句：The magazine revealed that the film star had been born on the wrong side of the tracks.

该杂志透露这位电影明星出身贫寒。

2. steep in

意为“渍、泡；充满、专心于、沉湎于；精通于、习惯于”。

例句：David steeps himself in the music world.

大卫沉湎于音乐的世界中。

3. drop out of

意为“不参与、退出、退学”。

例句：She must drop out of the competition because of a cold.

她因为感冒必须退出比赛。

4. his fine-tuned ear for…

fine-tuned 经常是用来形容乐器，但在该句中是指 “very good at hearing how people speak”，所以，a fine-tuned ear for dialect'”就是指他善于复制、模仿别人的方言或者土语。

5. draw on

意为“穿上, 戴上；渐渐来临；鼓励；利用”，在文中是“利用、使用”的意思。

例句：In making plans we must draw on designers' suggestions.

在定计划时要吸收设计师的意见。

Links

Golden Raspberry Awards

金草莓奖

金草莓奖是由约翰•威尔逊在1981年设立，由“金草莓奖基金会”组织评选，由650多位来自美国及其他19个国家的评审委员投票选出，每年都抢先在奥斯卡金像奖颁奖之前揭晓，借以向备受传媒批评的劣片致敬。金草莓奖是个错误的翻译。Raspberry在中文里的翻译是“覆盆子”，而不是草莓。由于覆盆子在中文里的知名度没有草莓那么高，最初翻译Golden Raspberry Awards这个名字的人很可能是为了考虑到大众的词汇量而故意错译的。

而今年麦克•麦尔斯主演的《爱情大师》优势明显，共获七项提名，狂揽年度最烂影片、最烂男主角与最烂剧本等大奖。话题女星帕丽斯•希尔顿《爱上野猪妹》获选最烂女主角与最烂银幕搭档，另外还以《莎拉•布莱曼之生化歌剧》拿下最烂女配角。《妈妈咪呀》中的皮尔斯•布鲁斯南被选为最烂男配角。乌维波尔以《末日危城：王者之役》、《鼠战密洞》及《喋血街头》三部执导作品被选为年度最烂导演。