“Eight-EightStrategy”totheApplicationandDevelopmentofMarxismPhilosophicalMethodology

HuChenghuai(4)

Abstract: The interpretation of the “Eight-Eight Strategy” has been the biggest theoretical hot spot in Zhejiang’s scholarly circles over the past ten years. And many books and articles are published each year to continue the discussion. Few scholars, however, have explored in depth the methodological dimension of the Strategy, especially from the Marxist perspective. Hence, interpreting the “Eight-Eight Strategy” from the perspective of methodology is an important task facing Zhejiang theorists. This article reviews the articles and speeches published by Xi Jinping during his stay in Zhejiang on the formulation and implementation of the “Eight-Eight Strategy” and then analyzes and discusses the dialectical relationships between the five major methodologies contained in the “Eight-Eight Strategy”. They are Subject Methodology, Practical Methodology, Contradiction Analysis, Systematical Analysis, and Historical Analysis. The article concludes with a comprehensive application and development of the Eight-Eight Strategy as applied to Marxist methodology.

Keyword:Eight-Eight Strategy, methodology, application and development

WisdomandCompetence:AdministrativeIntelligenceIssuesinModernStates

RenJiantao(17)

Abstract:The administrative power, or executive power, of a modern state is primarily regulated by its law-based system and operates within a hierarchical structure. If administrative execution lacks the necessary intellectual support and wisdom, then efficiency will be reduced. In order to ensure the effectiveness of administrative execution, an appropriate level of intelligence must be applied. With regard to the six major characteristics and three major defects of the hierarchical system, modern states must possess a minimum level of administrative intelligence. However, administrative wisdom is often elusive and difficult to acquire, whereas administrative incompetence frequently manifests itself to varying degrees. Administrators often encounter various degrees of incompetence, which in turn leads to disappointing operational results. Consequently, they must always seek paths for administrative improvement.

Keywords:modern State; administrative Intelligence; wisdom; incompetence; keep the bottom line

Institution,ResponsivenessandCPPCCMembers’PoliticalEfficacy:Adiscussionfocusingonthe“micro-proposals”ofProvinceH

TanHuosheng(35)

Abstract:Since the 18th National Congress, the CPPCC has undergone great changes, but the phenomenon of “annual members, quarterly standing committees, and monthly chairmen” still exists. This paper takes the “micro-proposals” of the CPPCC in H province as a case to discuss the relationship between responsiveness and CPPCC members’ sense of political efficacy, and the role of relevant institutions in this regard. Positive responses from within the CPPCC organization, the government, and the people enhance CPPCC members’ political efficacy and stimulate their willingness to participate. This study enriches the theory of responsiveness and helps the CPPCC further deepen its reform and translate its institutional advantages into national governance effectiveness.

Keywords:CPPCC; intra-organizational responsiveness; government responsiveness; responsiveness of the represented; sense of political efficacy

ANewUnderstandingofPublicPolicyChange:AKnowledgeManagementPerspectivebasedonCrisisLearning

1) 根据下级指标Ai，将上级指标A的决策数据集成为(a1,a2,…,ai,…,an)，将数据按由大到小重新排列，得到新数列B=(b1,b2,…,bj,…,bn).

WenHongandLiFengshan(52)

Abstract:Understanding public policy change is a central topic in policy process research. Classical explanations such as multiple streams theory, intermittent equilibrium theory, and the advocacy coalition framework are well-known. But the mechanism of crisis learning for public policy change from the perspective of knowledge management has been relatively neglected. Based on the case of “Complete Fasting for Wild Animals”, this study proposed an explanatory path of crisis learning for public policy change. It was found that: (1) the “activation mechanism” triggered by the focal event opens a “window of opportunity” for crisis learning, which promotes knowledge production in the crisis situation and constitutes the starting condition for policy change. (2) The “evolution mechanism” in the field of discursive competition, which presents different discursive narratives and social construction, is essentially a kind of knowledge competition that can realize the redefinition of policy issues. (3) The “feedback mechanism” under the leadership’s attention can prompt the transformation of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge and promote the transformation of empirical cognitive judgments into institutionalized policy norms. The crisis learning process framework of “knowledge production-knowledge competition-knowledge transformation” reveals more of the black-box mechanism of crisis learning to promote policy change. This enriches the explanatory map of public policy change, but also further expands the research boundary of crisis learning.

Keywords:crisis learning; policy change; knowledge management; punctuated equilibrium; complete fasting for wild animals

DisproportionateInformationProcessingandIssuePriorityCompetition:ACaseStudyofGovernmentPerformanceIndicatorAgenda

QinXiaolei,HuangJingandQinXiujun(66)

Abstract:The disproportionate information processing implicates the scarcity of government’s attention. Decision makers need to prioritize multiple sources of information. The agenda of local government performance indicators is the embodiment of the government management problem of issue priority competition in China. Extant literature on government indicator governance mostly focuses on the static level such as building of static indicator model, but few on the dynamic agenda of government indicators from building to withdrawal. As a case of Province A’s performance indicator innovation, based on the disproportionate information processing, our study finds that the indicator alternative agenda, the indicator determination agenda and the indicator adjustment agenda have three dilemmas: “difficult to access” “difficult to determine” and “difficult to exit” under the differential structure of dual priority issues. Therefore, the decision-making level has solved the dilemmas by using the institutionalization of indicator application, indicator review and indicator evaluation. As a result, all of the inside and outside interest groups have agreed on the final priority issues, which is produced by the indictor agenda. This study not only explores the information theory to explain the internal logic of the issue priority competition in the indicator agenda in China, but also provides institutional solutions to the dilemma of the government’s indicator agenda.

Keywords:disproportionate information-processing; issue priority; performance indicator agenda dilemma; institutional solution

PolicyNarrativeofPrimary-levelPoli-ecologicalGovernanceSincethe18thCPCNationalCongress:Vision,ContentandActions

FanFengchun(81)

Abstract: For scholars, one of the frontier problems in contemporary Chinese politics is the narrative logic of the primary level of poli-ecological governance. Attributed to the effective policy narrative, the primary-level of the poli-ecological environment has been intensively governed since the 18th CPC national congress. After analyzing it within the vision—content—actions” framework, “ the following findings were observed. In terms of the policy vision where officials are honest, government is clean, political affairs are handled with integrity, and the social environment is pure, the primary level of poli-ecological governance takes macro and micro forms, synchronic and diachronic structures, and idealistic and objectives functions. In terms of policy content, it covers the poli-ecological environment in organization, government, employment, and tasks. “Party building” is the leading theme” ”fight against corruption (officials don’t dare to, are unable to and have no desire to commit corruption)” is the principal narrative thread; “standards for good officials” is the primary topic; and, “sense of social responsibility” is the fundamental tone. In terms of policy actions, the primary level of poli-ecological governance has several transformations. In strategic narratives, it shifts from “treating manifestation of disease” to “treating both manifestation and root cause of disease.” In the narrative logics, it changes from “political regulations” to “the order of the mind.”For narrative agents, it moves from “single subject” to “multiple subjects in a pluralistic society.” In the future, it will be necessary to enhance the “re-creation of nepotism” at the primary-level, to constantly intensify the “re-creation of institution” in the exercise of power, and to promote technological empowerment, so as to improve the policy narrative at the primary level of poli-ecological governance.

Keywords:primary-level poli-ecological environment, policy narrative, vision narrative, content narrative, actions narrative

ObjectivePerformance,OnlineServiceDeliveryandCitizenSatisfaction:ASurveyExperiment

HuangBiaoandZhangTong(95)

Abstract: The practice of public administration in contemporary China is transforming from “Government-Centered” to “People-Centered”, and improving service performance has become a meaningful way to enhance citizens’ sense of gain and satisfaction. This is also one of the core topics of public administration research in the Post-New Public Management period. Does high objective performance bring about high citizen satisfaction? Previous studies have formed two competing views. Considering the digital transformation of government in China, this study takes Zhejiang Province’s “Visit Once” reform as the scenario and uses the survey experiment method to explore the impact of objective performance on citizen satisfaction. It also tests how the transformation of service delivery mode from offline to online shapes the relationship between performance and satisfaction. The results show that high objective performance leads to high citizen satisfaction, but when the service delivery mode changes from offline to online, the same high objective performance does not bring higher citizen satisfaction. It indicates that under digital transformation, the government can improve citizen satisfaction by advancing its objective performance, but the shift of service supply from offline to online cannot naturally bring higher satisfaction. The government needs to pay more attention to the design of online services to reduce users’ costs and the unequal distribution of satisfaction that online service supply may aggravate.

Keywords: citizen satisfaction; objective performance; online service delivery; digital transformation

PracticalOrientationofAIGovernancePrinciples:Reliability,AccountabilityandCollaboration

ZhouJiangweiandZhaoYu(111)

Abstract:Artificial intelligence has created an unavoidable governance gap as it is rapidly deployed and applied. In the quest for agile governance, many principles of a ‘soft law’ nature have emerged around the world. This study analyzed the governance principles announced in 88 texts and focused on their practical guidelines. We found that underneath their diverse claims, there was a common domain of questions. What technical characteristics should AI systems meet? How should we deal with the social consequences of this technology? What forms of social organization should be used for governance practices? Although tension remains among the claims of different principles around these questions, it is undeniable that a consensus-based framework for action has been developed in the field of AI governance. Based on our textual analysis, the principles can be grouped into three codes of practice: reliability, accountability and collaboration, which respond to each of these questions. The principles of reliability and accountability set two sets of complementary governance goals: constructing technology systems that meet expectations and address the social consequences of technology. The principle of collaboration explores what social action structures can support and guarantee the achievement of these goals. These goals form the framework for action on AI governance.

Keywords:artificial intelligence; governance principles; reliability; accountability; collaboration

TradeDigitization,ServitizationofManufacturingInputsandGlobalValueChainofChina

XueTianhang,XiaoWenandXuGuangjian(128)

Abstract:Digitization is the development trend for international trade, and input servitization is an important engine for upgrading the manufacturing industry. Using the extended gravity model, this article analyzes the impact mechanism and interaction effect of trade digitization and manufacturing input servitization on China’s global value chain. As found in the study, servitization of manufacturing inputs promoted the status of China’s global value chain. However, their promotional effect was weakened when trading with countries with a high degree of digital trade. By decomposing the export value-added rate, servitization of manufacturing inputs and trade digitalization was shown to have negative interaction effects on the export value-added rate of final goods and re-exported intermediate goods, but positive interaction effects on the export value-added rate of directly exported intermediate goods and intermediate goods for domestic sales originally produced for exports. The interaction effect of trade digitization and servitization of manufacturing inputs helps to promote the growth of import and export trade by reducing price margins and improving quantity margins.

Keywords:digitalization of trade; servitization of manufacturing inputs; global value chain; export value-added rate

TheDoing-businessLogicofLawRegarding“ToleranceandPrudence”:Jurisprudence,SystemandCases

XieHongxing(142)

Abstract:The rule of law provides the best environment to do business. And “tolerance and prudence” create the best legal environment for doing business. In China, “tolerance and prudence” are concepts of regulation and law enforcement that appear regularly in the written policies, legislation However, tensions exists between the policies and laws that apply these concepts. Enterprises are a positive force for social progress. “Tolerance and prudence” is meant to help navigate the “law enforcement iceberg” so that the difficulties of an economic downturn do not lead to the temptation to impose “fines for income.” This improves the long-term business environment. However, law enforcement must overcome the tendency to apply “punishment if impossible”, and instead put “tolerance and prudence” into every case. As the industry and the public sense that “tolerance and prudence” are the guiding principles, the legal environment to do business with attain long-term vitality.

Keywords: tolerance and prudence; fine for income; four lists