走近高考写作新题型
——读后续写和概要写作

《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明（高考综合改革试验省份试用）（第一版）》已经公布。作为高考改革的试验省份，浙江省的英语新高考安排在每年的10月份和第二年的6月份。而2016年10月份开始的浙江新高考英语题型发生了重大变化，其中的写作部分由两节组成：第一节为应用文写作（词数80左右，满分15分）；第二节为读后续写或概要写作（满分25分）。对广大师生来说，读后续写和概要写作是一种全新的题型。

一、总体要求

读后续写或概要写作两种形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。

题型1：读后续写。提供一段350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写（150词左右），将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容：

（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；

（2）内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况；

（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；

（4）上下文的连贯性。

题型2：概要写作。提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容：

（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；

（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；

（3）上下文的连贯性；

（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。

二、评分标准

（一）读后续写

【评分原则】

1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。

2.评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3.词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分。

4.评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：

（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；

（2）内容的丰富性和对所标出关键词语的应用情况；

（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；

（4）上下文的连贯性。

5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。

6.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。

【各档次的给分范围和要求】

档 次描 述第五档（21~25）—与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理—内容丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语—所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑第四档（16~20）—与所给短文融洽度较高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接较为合理—内容比较丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语—所使用语法结构和词汇较为丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但不影响意义表达—比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑第三档（11~15）—与所给短文关系较为密切，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接—写出了若干有关内容，应用了4个以上短文中标出的关键词语—应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，虽有一些错误，但不影响意义表达—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯第二档（6~10）—与所给短文有一定的关系，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接—写出了一些有关内容，应用了3个以上短文中标出的关键词语—语法结构单调，词汇项目有限，有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达—较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性第一档（1~5）—与所提供短文和开头语的衔接较差—产出内容太少，很少使用短文中标出的关键词语—语法结构单调，词汇项目很有限，有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达—缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯0分白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关

（二）概要写作

【评分原则】

1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。

2.评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3.词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。

4.评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：

（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；

（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；

（3）上下文的连贯性；

（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。

5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。

6.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。

【各档次的给分范围和要求】

档 次描 述第五档（21~25）—理解准确，涵盖全部要点—能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑—完全使用自己的语言第四档（16~20）—理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点—所使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达—比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑—有个别整句抄自原文第三档（11~15）—理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点—所使用语法结构和词汇虽有些错误，但不影响意义表达—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使上下文内容连贯—出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象第二档（6~10）—理解有误差，仅涵盖半数要点—有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达—较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性—出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象第一档（1~5）—没有理解原文，造成概要内容与原文主题不符—有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达—缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯—多个句子抄自原文0分白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关

三、考纲样题

【读后续写】阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he walked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank，he heard the sound of someone trying to start a car. He tried again and again but couldn’t get the car moving. Arthur turned and looked inside at the face of a young man who looked worried. Arthur stopped and asked，“It looks like you’ve got a problem，”Arthur said.

“I’m afraid so. I’m in a big hurry and I can’t start my car.”

“Is there something I can do to help?”Arthur asked. The young man looked at the two suitcases in the back seat and then said，“Thanks. If you’re sure it wouldn’t be too much trouble，you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.”

“No trouble at all. I’d be glad to help.”

The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. After placing it on the ground，he turned to get the other one. Just as Arthur picked up the first suitcase and started walking，he heard the long loud noise of an alarm.

It was from the bank. There had been a robbery（抢劫）!

Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with the sound of the alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions. Cars stopped and the passengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other，“What happened?”But everyone had a different answer.

Arthur，still carrying the suitcase，turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him.

She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised.“Why is she looking at me like that?”he thought，“The suitcase! She thinks I’m the bank thief!”

Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened，and without another thought，he started to run.

注意：

1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；

2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下画线的关键词语；

本文提出了变系数降频模型预测直接功率控制,首先对三相并网逆变器进行了数学建模,然后对模型预测直接功率控制的原理进行了介绍,进而重点对定系数降频模型预测控制和变系数降频模型预测控制进行了深入分析。最后采用仿真和实验研究验证了所提策略的有效性,达到降低开关频率,确保系统稳定运行的目的。

3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；

4. 续写完成后，请用下画线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1：

As he was running，Arthur heard the young man shouting behind，“Stop，stop!”

Paragraph 2：

The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur... _

One Possible Version：

As he was running，Arthur heard the young man shouting behind，“Stop，stop!”And also at the moment，Arthur suddenly realized that the young man might be the bank robber. So Arthur didn’t stop，but continued to run until he saw a taxi. He stopped it，jumped in with the suitcase and said to the driver，“Go to the police station，please. The man shouting behind is the bank thief!”The taxi raced away like the wind.

The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur told the police what had happened. Obviously，the police had already learned about the robbery. They opened the suitcase and there was a large sum of money inside，as Arthur had expected. Then the police asked Arthur to describe the young man and the other suitcase. Later，with the information，the police caught the robber. The police and the bank both thanked Arthur a lot.

Another Possible Version：

As he was running，Arthur heard the young man shouting behind，“Stop，stop!”Thinking of the way the young man had behaved，he realized the young man might be the bank robber. So Arthur ran faster and stopped a taxi. The moment he got into the taxi，he told the driver the man shouting behind was the bank thief and asked him to drive to the nearest police station. The driver followed what Arthur said and drove away.

The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur thanked the driver and directly went in. Just as Arthur was describing what had happened near the bank on the Park Avenue and reported the young man to the police，he heard a voice outside，“Help! Help!”To the surprise of Arthur，it was the young man. He had followed Arthur in another taxi. It turned out that the young man was innocent and inside the suitcases were just some clothes. Arthur felt embarrassed but the policemen thanked him anyway.

【概要写作】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing. However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry Ⅳ，King of France，was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief in the merit（好处）of dirt was longlived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist（免疫学家），encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter （后者）position is gaining some ground.

One Possible Version：

People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.（要点1）For a long time in history，people of some European countries，such as France，believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.（要点2）However，people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.（要点3）However，some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.（要点4）

（文章摘自教育部考试大纲说明，有删改）