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聚焦超声辐照兔左侧足三里穴后双耳痛耐受阈的变化研究

2011-02-03赵骏林强刘琳向理科邹建中白晋

中国医科大学学报 2011年5期
关键词:耳痛右耳左耳

赵骏,林强,刘琳,向理科,邹建中,白晋

(重庆医科大学生物医学工程系,省部共建超声医学工程国家重点实验室,重庆400016)

聚焦超声辐照兔左侧足三里穴后双耳痛耐受阈的变化研究

赵骏,林强,刘琳,向理科,邹建中,白晋

(重庆医科大学生物医学工程系,省部共建超声医学工程国家重点实验室,重庆400016)

目的通过观察聚焦超声辐照兔左侧足三里穴后双耳痛耐受阈变化,探讨聚焦超声辐照足三里穴镇痛的可行性。方法30只健康新西兰兔随机平均分为A、B2组。A组左侧足三里穴以2W聚焦超声辐照5min,B组同部位以无超声输出的假照5min。辐照前测双耳外侧近耳缘静脉处固定点痛耐受阈。辐照后1至16min16个时间点,奇数时间点测右耳痛耐受阈,偶数时间点测左耳痛耐受阈,测量处同辐照前。于双侧足三里穴区取皮肤、肌肉组织进行HE染色观察。结果 A组辐照后,1min至11min 6个时间点右耳痛耐受阈有显著提高(P<0.05),13min、15min痛耐受阈无明显变化(P>0.05),2min至12min 6个时间点左耳痛耐受阈有显著提高(P<0.05),14min、16min 痛耐受阈无显著变化(P>0.05);辐照后 1min、3min、5min、7min A组右耳痛耐受阈较B组有显著提高(P<0.05),4min、6min、8min A组左耳痛耐受阈较B组有显著提高(P<0.05);B组辐照后双耳痛耐受阈无显著变化(P>0.05)。A组辐照后有精神不振现象,B组无此现象。辐照处及假照处穴区皮肤、肌肉组织较正常组织无明显变化。结论 聚焦超声辐照兔左侧足三里穴可提高双耳痛耐受阈并维持一段时间,提示应用聚焦超声辐照穴位有镇痛效果且安全。

聚焦超声;痛耐受阈;足三里

针刺疗法是一种行之有效的疼痛治疗手段[1,2],根据针刺穴位镇痛的原理和方法,运用超声波的声能、热能为刺激手段,将类似于针形的聚焦超声波辐照于穴位后是否具有镇痛效果,本实验通过兔双耳痛耐受阈的变化来初步探讨聚焦超声镇痛的有效性。根据足三里穴具有较强的镇痛效应,选取该穴为实验用穴[3]。通过观察穴区组织切片检查穴区组织有无损伤来证明聚焦超声镇痛是否安全。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料

动物:选用成年健康新西兰大白兔30只,雌雄不限,体质量2.0~2.8kg(重庆医科大学动物实验中心提供)。将30只兔随机分为A组和B组,每组15只。

1.2 方法

超声关节炎治疗仪由超声医疗国家工程研究中心研制(治疗头输出总功率4W,频率1MHz,焦距18~25mm),分为8挡,每增加一档治疗头输出功率增加0.5W,用于穴区辐照。痛耐受阈测量用Electronic von Frey(电子 VonFrey测痛仪/2391)由美国IITC公司研制。

1.2.1 痛耐受阈测量:用固定器将兔俯卧固定。在兔双耳背侧中上部(双耳平齐)耳缘静脉内10mm距耳尖15mm处标记测定点,用一光滑木板平行贴靠于耳腹面。Electronic von Frey调零,将其单纤丝垂直于木板平面压于测定点,逐渐增加压力,直致挣脱,记录电子显示屏的数字即为痛耐受阈,读数单位为克。

1.2.2 A组实验过程:(1)辐照前双侧足三里区域(腓骨头下1.2cm,胫骨嵴后1cm)脱毛。(2)测双耳痛耐受阈并记录。(3)将兔俯卧固定于固定器中,左侧足三里区域消毒,超声关节治疗仪治疗头涂以超声耦合剂,治疗头中心对准足三里穴区与皮肤固定接触,以2W功率辐照5min。(4)辐照后1min、3min…15min 测右耳痛耐受阈,2min、4min…16min测左耳痛耐受阈。(5)耳缘静脉注射空气法将兔处死,双侧足三里穴区(声通道范围内)取体积约为5mm×5mm×10mm组织块标本,采用苏木精—伊红(HE)染色,在光镜下观察组织学变化。

1.2.3 B组实验过程:第(3)步治疗头为无超声输出的假照处理,其他步骤与A组实验过程相同。

1.3 统计学分析

2 结果

2.1 痛耐受阈改变

表1各时间点右耳痛耐受阈的变化Ta b.1Ch a n g e o f r i g h t e a r s’p a i n t o l e r a n c e t h r e s h o l d s a t e a c h t i me p o i n t Pain tolerance thresholds(g)at each time point(0min means before irradiation)0min 1min 3min 5min 7min 9min 11min 13min 15min A 15 45.29±6.17 83.75±33.431,4) 90.36±39.681,4) 95.81±49.811,4) 87.54±33.611,4) 72.11±26.241) 58.77±18.551) 51.21±8.982) 47.47±7.312)B 15 44.61±5.36 46.27±6.713) 45.50±6.633) 43.07±5.963) 42.46±5.953) 43.78±6.233) 44.37±5.953) 44.05±5.673) 43.57±5.013)Group n 1)P<0.05vs Group A,0min;2)P>0.05vs Group A,0min;3)P>0.05vs Group B,0min;4)P<0.05vs Group B,1min,3min,5min,7min.

表2各时间点左耳痛耐受阈的变化Ta b.2Ch a n g e o f l e f t e a r s’p a i n t o l e r a n c e t h r e s h o l d s a t e a c h t i me p o i n t Pain tolerance thresholds(g)at each time point(0min means before irradiation)0min 1min 3min 5min 7min 9min 11min 13min 15min A 15 44.66±5.78 80.39±29.981) 88.26±41.011),4) 94.57±51.851),4) 90.70±39.651),4) 71.93±30.121) 57.50±14.74 50.11±9.692) 45.29±6.322)B 15 44.59±5.00 44.49±6.523) 44.89±5.933),4) 44.04±5.013),4) 42.91±6.573),4) 42.00±5.473) 44.01±5.15 43.69±5.953) 42.78±5.303)Group n 1)P<0.05vs Group A,0min;2)P>0.05vs Group A,0min;3)P>0.05vs Group B,0min;4)P<0.05vs Group B,4min,6min,8min.

A组辐照后1min、3min…11min右耳痛耐受阈较辐照前有显著提高(P<0.05),13min、15min痛耐受阈较辐照前无明显变化(P>0.05),辐照后2 min、4min…12min左耳痛耐受阈较辐照前有显著提高(P<0.05),14min、16min痛耐受阈较辐照前无显著变化(P>0.05);B组辐照后各时间点双耳痛耐受阈较辐照前均无明显变化(P>0.05);辐照后1min、3min、5min和7min A组右耳痛耐受阈较B组相应时间点有显著提高(P<0.05),4min、6min、8min A组左耳痛耐受阈较B组相应时间点有显著提高(P<0.05)。(表 1、表 2)

2.2 精神状态改变

辐照前兔动作灵活,双眼明亮有神。辐照后不爱动,喜趴卧,精神不振,假照后无明显精神不振现象。

2.3 病理组织学检查

光镜下皮肤结构完整、清晰,被覆上皮和腺上皮连接紧密,腺体结构完整,细胞核染色清晰,细胞结构完整;无凝固性坏死灶,无气泡,辐照后穴区和假照后穴区及对测正常穴区皮肤组织比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图 1)。

肌纤维边界清晰,结构完整,排列整齐,细胞核染色清晰;无凝固性坏死灶,无气泡,辐照后和假照后穴区及对测正常穴区肌肉组织比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图 2)。

3 讨论

针刺穴位有显著的镇痛效果,超声关节治疗仪发射的类似针形聚焦超声波能够刺激到兔足三里穴。电子Von frey测痛仪在痛阈测量中广泛应用,Sun等[4]在研究中用该设备运用鼠缩足反应来测试鼠的痛觉过敏,本实验运用类似的机械加压原理测量兔双耳的痛耐受阈,且单次测量均能在1min内完成。

实验结果显示,2W,5min的聚焦超声剂量下(临床实验中人的得气剂量)辐照兔左侧足三里穴后,兔双耳痛耐受阈显著提高,持续12min左右并且在6min左右出现峰值。组织切片观察表明声通道区域皮肤肌肉组织无凝固性坏死,无气泡(不会产生空化效应)。针刺后能使皮肤痛阈、耐痛阈不同程度提高[5],实验结果说明聚焦超声也有类似效果。针刺穴位镇痛目前比较一致的看法是通过神经、体液机制的调控来实现[6]。比如镇痛物质阿片肽类物质的释放,最早认识到阿片肽的功能是其显著的镇痛功能[7]。辐照后兔精神不振,是否聚焦超声辐照穴位也能产生类似针刺的麻醉作用,是否其镇痛机制类似于针刺镇痛及最佳镇痛剂量都有待进一步研究。聚焦超声治疗技术是一种无创、新型技术,能够避免治疗过程中感染、晕针和出血等不良反应的出现。

综上所述,2W,5min剂量下的聚焦超声辐照兔左侧足三里穴能使其双耳痛耐受阈提高并维持一段时间,有效且安全。

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[3]丁光勇,张迪,沈学勇,等.肥大细胞功能对针刺大鼠“足三里"镇痛效应的影响[J].针刺研究,2007,32(3):147-152.

[4]Sun YG,Chen ZF.Agastrin-releasing peptide receptor mediates the itch sensation in the spinal cord[J].Nature,2007,448(9):701.

[5]郭义.实验针灸学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2008:263.

[6]余晓佳,丁光宏,姚伟,等.穴位处胶原纤维在针刺大鼠“足三里”镇痛过程中的作用[J].中国针灸,2008,28(3):207-213.

[7]杨杰,杨彦玲.阿片肽生物学研究现状[J].第四军医大学学报,2008,29(6),569-571.

(编辑 孙宪民,英文编辑 刘宝林)

AStudy of Change of Pain Tolerance Thresholds of Bilateral Ears of Rabbit After Irradiation in Left Zusanli by Focused Ultrasound

ZHAOJun,LINQiang,LIULin,XIANGLi-ke,ZOUJian-zhong,BAIJin
(Department of Biomedical Engineering,Chongqing Medical University,State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology,Chongqing 400016,China)

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of focused ultrasound for analgesia by observing the change of pain tolerance thresholds of bilateral ears of each rabbit after a single irradiation by focused ultrasound in“Zusanli”(ST36).MethodsThirty healthy Zelanian rabbits irrespective of gender were selected and randomized divided into 2groups (n=15).The left“Zusanli”(ST36)of each rabbit of group Awas irradiated for 5minutes by focused ultrasound with the power of 2watts.The left“Zusanli”(ST36)of each rabbit of group Bwas irradiated for 5minutes without output of focused ultrasound.Pain tolerance threshold of fixed point near the edge of ear vein of each rabbit was measured before irradiation.Taking 16time points after irradiation from the 1st min to the 16th min,pain tolerance threshold of right ear of each rabbit was measured at the odd time points,and the left’s of each rabbit was measured at the even time points.Tissues of skins and muscles of bilateral“Zusanli”(ST36)were taken,biopsy was performed with HEdyeing.ResultsPain tolerance thresholds of right ears of rabbits of group Awere enhanced observably in the 1st min to the 11th minute after irradiation (P<0.05),and in the 13th min and 15th min they were not different from those of before irradiation (P>0.05).The lefts’were enhanced observably in the 2nd min to the 12th minute after irradiation (P<0.05),and in the 13th min and 15th min they were no different from those of before irradiation (P>0.05).Pain tolerance thresholds of right ears of rabbits of group Awere enhanced observably than those of group Bafter irradiation in the 1st min,3rd min,5th min and 7th min(P<0.05).The lefts’of rabbits of group Awere enhanced observably than those of group Bafter irradiation in the 4th min,6th min,and 8th min(P<0.05).Pain tolerance thresholds of bilateral ears of rabbits of group Bwere not changed obviously after irradiation(P>0.05).Rabbits of group Awere in low spirits after irradiation,while group B’s were not.Tissues of skins and muscles of bilateral“Zusanli”(ST36)were showed normal.ConclusionPain tolerance thresholds of two ears of rabbits are significantly enhanced within a time after irradiating left“Zusanli”(ST36)by focused ultrasound.It prompts that focused ultrasound have analgesic effect,and it’s safe.

focused ultrasound;pain tolerance threshold;zusanli(ST36)

R332

A

0258-4646(2011)05-0390-04

doiCNKI:21-1227/R.20110523.1815.023

http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/21.1227.R.20110523.1815.023.html

国家中医药管理局资助项目(2007ZX01-2)

赵骏(1984-),男,助教,硕士.

白晋,E-mail:sajinbai@haifu.com.cn

2010-11-15

网络出版时间:2011-05-1815:25

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