摘" 要：豇豆蚜、二斑叶螨、豆大蓟马是豇豆苗期的重要害虫，严重影响豇豆苗期生长发育。为明确4种种衣剂10%噻虫胺种子处理悬浮剂（FS）、30%噻虫嗪FS、600 g/L吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂（FSC）、8%氟虫腈FSC对豇豆的安全性及对3种豇豆苗期害虫的防控作用，本研究通过室内盆栽接虫试验，研究4种衣剂对豇豆出苗的影响及对豇豆蚜、二斑叶螨、豆大蓟马的防治效果。结果表明：10%噻虫胺FS、30%噻虫嗪FS、600 g/L吡虫啉FSC、8%氟虫腈FSC处理的豇豆发芽率分别为95.83%、91.67%、95.83%、95.83%，略低于对照的发芽率（100%），但对豇豆生长无明显影响。30%噻虫嗪FS对豇豆蚜和豆大蓟马的防效均最好，接虫3、7、14 d后对豇豆蚜的防效分别为65.04%、81.10%和72.35%，对豆大蓟马的防效分别为15.41%、58.61%和54.89%；随着接虫时间的推迟，种衣剂处理对豇豆蚜、豆大蓟马的防治效果有所下降；4种种衣剂包衣处理对二斑叶螨的防治效果均不显著。研究结果为生产上豇豆苗期害虫的防控提供技术支撑。

关键词：种衣剂；豇豆；害虫；防控效果；室内研究中图分类号：S436.43 """""文献标志码：A

Indoor Control Efficacy of Four Seed Coating Treatments Against Three Common Pests of Cowpea Seedlings

LIU Ying^1，2， LIANG Xiao^1，2， WU Chunling^1，2， AN Xingkui^1，2， LI Tiantian^1，2， CHNE Qing^1，2*

1. Institute of Environment and Plant Protection， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Control of Tropical Crops Diseases and Insect Pests / Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China; 2. Sanya Research Academy， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences / Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-season Reproduction Regions， Sanya， Hainan 572000， China

Abstract： Cowpea aphids， two-spotted spider mites， and bean thrips are main pests during the cowpea seedling stage， severely impacting the growth and development of cowpea plants. To evaluate the safety and control efficacy of four seed coating treatments， 10% clothianidin flowable concentrate for seed treatment FS， 30% thiamethoxan FS， 600 g/L imidacloprid flowable concentrate for seed coating FSC and 8% fipronil FSC on three common pests during the cowpea seedling stage， this study conducted indoor pot experiments with insect infestations. The experiments aimed to evaluate the impact of the four seed coatings on cowpea emergence and the effectiveness in controlling cowpea aphids， two-spotted spider mites， and bean thrips. The results indicated that the germination rate of cowpea treated with 10% clothianidin FS， 30% thiamethoxan FS， 600 g/L imidacloprid FSC， and 8% fipronil FSC was 95.83%， 91.67%， 95.83% and 95.83%， respectively. The rate was slightly lower than that of the control （100%）， but did not significantly affect crop growth. The findings revealed that 30% thiamethoxan FS exhibited the highest control efficacy against both cowpea aphids and bean thrips. Specifically， the control efficacy against cowpea aphids at 3， 7 and 14 days post-infestation was 65.04%， 81.10% and 72.35%， respectively. For bean thrips， the control efficacy at the same time points was 15.41%， 58.61% and 54.89%， respectively. As the infestation period progressed， the effectiveness of the seed coating treatments in controlling cowpea aphids and bean thrips gradually decreased. None of the four seed coating treatments demonstrated significant control efficacy against two-spotted spider mites. This research provides technical support for pest management during the seedling stage of cowpea production.

Keywords： seed coating formulations; cowpea; pest; control efficacy; laboratory study

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.023

豇豆[Vigna unguiculata （L.） Walp.]是我国重要的豆类蔬菜作物之一，在我国南北方广泛种植，2021年全国豇豆总产量达1490万t，人均年消费量超过10 kg^[1]。近年来，海南豇豆种植面积稳定在2万hm²以上，年产量近60万t，仅次于辣椒，是海南冬季瓜菜的主要种植品种，也是当地农民的重要收入来源^[2]。豇豆蚜（Aphis craccivora Koch）、二斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae Koch）、豆大蓟马（Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall）是豇豆苗期的3种重要害虫，由于其体型小、繁殖能力强、隐蔽性强等特点，严重影响豇豆苗期生长发育。目前对豇豆蚜、二斑叶螨、豆大蓟马的防治主要依赖化学农药，而长期使用化学农药面临环境污染、害虫抗药性不断升高等问题，且用药不规范、不科学导致的农药残留问题日趋严重。……