樟子松林松沫蝉发生规律及无人机 超低量载药喷雾防治试验
2025-08-18刘欣魏真明马晓乾马玲王琪高宇尚尔雨于鲲
中图分类号:S763.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-9499(2025)04-0059-05
Occurrence Patterns of the Pine Spittlebug (Aphrophora flavipes) in Mongolian Pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) Forests and Control Trials Using Drone-Based Ultra-Low Volume Spray Technology
LIU Xin1WEI Zhenming²MA Xiaoqianl**MA Ling²WANG Qi1 GAO Yu1 SHANGEryu1YUKun1 (1.Institute of ForestProtection,Heilongjiang Academy ofForestry,Heilongjiang Harbin 150081; 2.Northeast Forestry University,Heilongjiang Harbin 150040)
Abstract[Objective]Thepinespitlebug(Aphrophoraflavipes)isasap-suckingpestthatdamages coniferous trees.This study aims to clarify its occurrnce patterns in Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica) forestsand propose targeted ultra-low volume (ULV) spray control technologies.[Methods] Field investigations were conducted to analyze the relationship between infestation severity ofA.flavipes and site conditions as well as spatial niche distribution.The eficacy of drone-based ULV spray technology was evaluated.[Results] Monoculture pine forests exhibited markedly higher pest densities( 49.8±7.05 individuals per plant) compared to mixed forests (29.85±3.69 individuals per plant) (Plt;0.01) , with canopy density (0.5-0.7 range) showing a strong negative correlation with infestation levels (r=-0.860) .Spatially, pest density on sunny slopes( 49.72±4.18 individuals perplant) was 3.26 times greater than on shaded slopes( 15.24±1.50 individuals per plant),and over 54.51% of pests aggregated in the upper canopy.Dronebased ultra-lowvolume spraying trialsdemonstrated that 20% dinotefuran suspension (300mL/hm2) provided the most sustained efficacy,achieving 94.66% control effectiveness 15 days post-application,significantly outperforming other pesticides (Plt;0.01) .[Conclusions] High-risk zones for A. flavipes outbreaks include P. sylvestris monocultures,sunny upper slopes,and southeastern canopy orientations.Mitigation strategies involve establishing mixed forest buer zones in these areas and maintaining canopy density at 0.6-0.7.For drone-basedcontrol,a \"rapid-acting+persistent\" dual-agentapproach is recommended,specifically combining 5% beta-cypermethrin( 500mL/hm2) with 20% dinotefuran (300mL/hm2) !
Key words Pinussylvetris var.mongolica; Aphrophora flavipes; occurrence regularity, Ultra-low volumespray
松沫蝉(Aphrophora flavipes)属同翅目(Homoptera)沫蝉科(Cercopidae)的一种刺吸性危害昆虫,国内主要分布在黑龙江、吉林、内蒙、河北、山东等地,国外主要分布在朝鲜和日本等地,主要危害包括樟子松(Pinus sylvetris var.mongolica)等松科树木[1-3]。樟子松是我国北方地区的主要树种,在水土保持、生态改善、农田防护、气候调节等方面发挥有重要的作用[2,4]。然而近年来,在我国北方樟子松林松沫蝉严重发生,松沫蝉主要通过若虫吸食嫩枝汁液导致树势衰退,引起切梢小蠹、煤污病、松枯梢病的发生,严重时造成死亡,导致巨大的经济损失,严重威胁我国北方生态安全。
林木昆虫因不同树种和立地条件,其危害程度和发生规律都存在显著的差异,不同树种和立地条件通过直接或间接的方式影响昆虫的生态位选择、生命周期、繁殖率及天敌等因子的存在,从而导致不同的发生规律和危害程度[5,6]。传统防治方法如背负式喷雾和注干施药存在药剂利用率低( lt;50% )、作业效率不足( lt;2hm2/h )等问题。近年来,无人机超低量喷雾技术因雾滴穿透性强、施药精准等特点,成为林业害虫防控的新方向。本研究旨在阐明松沫蝉的发生规律,并构建无人机精准施药技术体系,为林业绿色防控提供支撑。
1材料与方法
1. 1 试验地点
发生规律调查地点选在黑龙江省宾县光恩林场 (127∘49′32′′E,45∘39′01′′N) 、牡丹江东京城苇子沟经营所( 129∘02′11\"E,43∘57′57\"N, 和尚志市一面坡林场( 128∘05′55\"E,45∘5′18\"N) 樟子松人工纯林和混交林。松沫蝉的无人机超低量载药防治在宾县光恩林场,与在此地开展发生规律调查地块相同。……
