中图分类号：S718.54 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-9499（2025）04-0028-05

Investigation on the Population Characteristics and Regeneration Status of Fraxinus mandshurica in Langxiang National Nature Reserve

CHEN Haibo LIWeiwei LI Guisheng LI Zhixin LINGuoying （Yichun Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry，Heilongjiang Yichun 15300C

AbstractTaking the Fraxinus mandshurica population in the Langxiang National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province as the research object，sample plots were set up and data were colected to record in detail the plant density，diameter at breast height （DBH） distribution，sexratioand population regeneration status of the Fraxinus mandshurica population.The results showed that the average plant density of the Fraxinus mandshurica population in the reserve was relatively high，reaching 112 plants per hectare.Using thepopulation diameter classstructure to replace the age structure，the results indicated that there were relatively few young individuals and moremiddle-agedand old individuals in the Fraxinus mandshurica population in the reserve.The sex ratio between male and female trees was relatively balancedat 1.1：1.The plant density of seedlings in the regeneration layer was relatively large，while that ofsaplings was relatively small，and the regeneration ofthe Fraxinus mandshurica population was restricted.

Key words Fraxinus mandshurica; population characteristics; regeneration; Langxiang national nature reserve

随着全球生态环境日益恶化超估计的速度灭绝[1-2]，与物种保护相关的研究工作正在持续进行[3-5]。以种群为单位开展物种保护工作是实现科学保护的有效途径，种群作为群落的基本构成单元，其结构对群落的整体构造产生直接影响，并能够客观地体现出群落的发展趋势[6]，也是种群生态学研究的基础科学问题；种群更新是重要的生态学过程，是森林生态系统自我繁衍恢复的手段[7]，对生态系统的稳定、森林群落结构的完善和生物多样性的提高有重要影响[8-11]。

水曲柳（Fraxinusmandshurica）属木犀科梣属落叶大乔木，第三世纪子遗植物[12-13]，是东北林区的重要珍贵用材树种，不仅具有较高的经济价值，还对维持森林生态系统的稳定性和生物多样性具有重要作用，其分布区较广，但多为零星散生，由于人为干扰和环境变化，水曲柳种群数量急剧减少，已列入《国家重点保护野生植物名录》二级保护植物。目前，水曲柳在立地造林[14-15]遗传资源[16-17]木材特性[18-19]和生理生态[20-21]等方面的研究均有大量报道，但对水曲柳种群的状况、种群构成和更新趋势的研究还相对较少。本研究以朗乡国家级自然保护区内的水曲柳种群为研究对象，对其种群现状和更新状况进行了详细调查，旨在揭示水曲柳种群的特征及其更新趋势，为保护区水曲柳资源的保护与管理提供科学支持。

1材料与方法

1. 1 调查区概况

黑龙江朗乡国家级自然保护区（以下简……