中图分类号：S233.4 文献标志码：A

Research on Innovation Hot Spots and Trends of Domestic Camellia oleifera Fruit Harvesting Technology Based on Patentometrics

PAN Wen，CHEN JianWu，GAN ChunYan，YANG LiPing，MENG Fang，

WANG DongXue

（GuangxiForestryResearch Institute，Guangxi Laboratoryof Forestry，Improved Variety and Cultivation Innovation CenterofOil-Tea Camellia in Guangxi，GuangxiKeyLaboratoryofSpecialNon-WoodForests Cultivation and Utilization，Nanning，Guangxi530o02，China）

Abstract： 【Objective】 Camelia oleifera is an important woody oil tree species，mostly planted in hilly and mountainous areas，mainly harvested by manual and vibrating harvesting equipment， which has the problems including low harvesting efficiency，low net recovery rate and high bud damage rate.The oil-tea camellia（C. oleifera） industry urgently needs to develop smaller，automatic and intelligent C.oleifera fruit harvesting equipment to improve the harvesting efficiency and economic benefits. This study aimed to investigate the innovation hot spots and Ramp;D trends in domestic C.oleifera fruit harvesting patents，providing a reference for related technology development and application.【Method】 Relevant patent documents from 2010—2025 were retrieved from the Patsnap patent database via keywords indexing including“Camellia oleifera，Camelia oleifera fruit，Camellia oleifera seed，harvesting，picking，harvesting machine”。After data cleaning，a total of 384 valid patents were obtained and systematically analyzed using text mining and statistical methods.Analysis dimensions included patent type，application trends，geographical distribution， innovators，technology classification，technical functions，core patents，and high-value patents. 【Result】 The research indicated that universities are the dominant force in C. oleifera fruit harvesting technology innovation. Research teams in universities such as Jiangxi Agricultural University， Central South University of Forestry and Technology，Anhui Agricultural University lead the field， ranking the highest in patent applications and citations.These teams drive the development of core and high-value patents. Current harvesting technologies primarily rely on“vibrational” machinery to shake the tree or fruit-bearing branches for fruit detachment.However，limitations in fruit net recovery rates and bud damage rates restrict the application scope of such machine harvest.【Conclusion】 Universities in major oil-tea producing regions Hunan，Jiangxi，and Anhui form the backbone of C oleifera fruit harvesting technology research and have laid the technical foundation for mechanical harvesting in China. To address the challenges of complex hilly and mountainous terrains and the overlapping growth periods offlowers and fruit in key production areas，Ramp;D efforts should focus on developing light，intelligent，and low-damage harvesting equipment. Enhancing portability， safety，and operational comfort while increasing fruit net recovery rates and reducing bud damage will provide crucial technical support for the mechanization upgrade of the oil-tea industry and the development of new quality productive forces.

Keywords：Camellia oleifera fruit;harvesting；patent;analysis

0 引言

【研究意义】油茶（Camelliaoleifera）是我国南方重要的木本油料树种，与油橄榄、油棕、椰子并列为世界四大木本油料作物（孟桂元等，2021），主要分布于湖南、江西、广西等地。2021年，全国油茶种植面积达459.2万hm²，油茶籽产量394万t（王胜男，2022），其中湖南省产量最高（171.6万t），江西省次之（69.8万t）。国家林业和草原局、国家发展和改革委员会2021年联合发布

《“十四五”林业和草原保护发展规划纲要》和国家林业和草原局、国家发展和改革委员会、财政部2023年联合发布《加快油茶产业发展三年行动方案（2023一2025年）》，均提出“到2025年，全国油茶种植面积力争达到600万 hm² 、茶油产能达到200万t”。油茶种植环境多为丘陵山地，油茶果采收约占整个生产过程工作量的1/3（甄乾广等，2023），自前主要靠人工采摘，劳动强度大、效率低且危险，存在“丰产难丰收”的困境。油茶产业发展急需研发小型化、自动化、智能化的油茶果采收装备，提高采收效率和油茶生产的经济效益。【前人研究进展】国内油茶产业相关企业、高校、科研机构研发的专利主要集中在良种选育、高效栽培、油脂加工、废渣利用等技术领域（曾海涛等，2020）；在育苗、整地、栽植、抚育、采收作业实现了初步的机械化（刘洋等，2015；何日广，2021）。目前油茶果采收装备普遍利用振动原理进行采收（范志远等，2025；龙啸等，2025），仍然存在采收效率低、采净率低等问题（汤晶宇等，2024），且未能解决油茶花果同期引起花苞损伤掉落的问题（伍德林等，2022）。【本研究切入点】对于从专利分析方向进行油茶果采收技术总结的研究，尚未见报道。……