AnalysisoftheDetectionStatusand InfluencingFactorsofThyroidNodulesinthePhysical Examination Population in Northwest China/ZHANG Zhe，SUN Jianfang， XIANG Zhihao.//Medical Innovation of China，2025，22（20）：157-161

[Abstract]Objective：To investigate the detection status of thyroid nodulesand its influencing factors in the physical examination population inNorthwest China.Method：Atotalof2OO subjectswho underwent physical examinations inthe942Hospitalof theJointLogisticsSupportForceof thePeople'sLiberationArmy fromAugust 2021 to August 2O24 were included inthe study.According to whether they had thyroidnodules or not，the subjects were divided into the thyroid nodules groupand the no thyroid nodules group.Thedetectionrate of thyroid nodules was recorded，the detectionratesof thyroidnodules in patients of diferent genders in diferent age groups were compared，and the influencing factors of thyroid nodules were analyzed byunivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Result： The detection rate of thyroid nodules was 19.50% （39/200）. In the age group gt;55 years old， the detection rate of thyroid nodulesof different genders was statistically significant （ P lt;0.05）. The detection rate of thyroid nodules in female over 55 yearsold was statistically significant compared with that in female of other age groups （ P lt;0.05）. The proportion of female，faty liver，diabetes and hyperlipidemia in the thyroid nodules group were higher than those in the no thyroid nodules group（ P lt;0.05）. The age and body mass index of the thyroid nodules group were larger than those of the no thyroid nodules group，andthefasting blood glucose，LDL-C were higher than those of the no thyroid nodules group （ P lt;0.05）.HDL-C and the proportion of iodized salt consumed in the thyroid nodules group were lower than those in the no thyroid nodules group （ P lt;0.05）.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed thatfemale，age，body massindex，fasting blood glucose，diabetes，iodized salt consumed，LDL-C andHDL-Cwere the influencingfactors ofthyroid nodules（ Plt;0.05） .Conclusion：Thedetection rate of thyroid nodules isrelatively highamong thephysical examinationpopulation.Theinfluencing factors mainly include female， age，body mass index，fasting blood glucose，diabetes，iodized salt consumed，LDL-C andHDL-C.

[Keywords] Physical examination Thyroid nodulesInfluencing factors

First-author'saddress：Department of Aviation Clinic，94136 Unit of the Chinese People'sLiberation Army，Yinchuan750025，China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2025.20.037

甲状腺结节是一种常见的结节，是甲状腺内部因多种原因形成的单个或多个结构异常的肿块，为内分泌系统的一种常见病理表现[1。对成年人的研究显示，甲状腺结节的全球检出率近年来持续攀升，在中国，60岁及以上老年人的甲状腺结节患病率明显高于其他年龄段成人，达到了 62.1% 的高水平[2]随着高分辨率超声技术的广泛应用，成人中甲状腺结节的超声检出率已从 19% 升高至 68% ，成为威胁公众健康的一种高发疾病。这一现象引起了医学界及公共卫生领域的深切关注[4。以往的研究已经明确了几个与甲状腺结节发病密切相关的因素，包括性别、年龄、碘盐摄入量等[5-7]。目前关于西北地区体检人群甲状腺结节检出情况及危险因素的临床研究较少，因此本文对此做了相关研究，现报道如下。

1资料与方法

1.1一般资料

将2021年8月—2024年8月于中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四二医院进行体检的200例受检者纳入研究。（1）纳入标准： ① 首次检查甲状腺； ② 西北部常住人口； ③ 资料齐全； ④ 精神和交流能力正常。（2）排除标准： ① 依从性不佳； ② 合并感染性疾病； ③ 长期服用糖皮质激素等可能影响结果的药物； ④ 合并肿瘤或严重肝肾疾病； ⑤ 中途退出。男101例，女99例；年龄22＼～77岁，平均（ 42.47±4.31 ）岁。本研究不违背伦理原则及规范，且经中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四二医院医学伦理委员会审批通过，受检者均知情同意。

1.2 方法

采用问卷调查方式，收集并记录受检者的基本资料（性别、年龄、体重指数）、日常生活习惯（吸烟、食用加碘盐）过往健康状况（脂肪肝、糖尿病与高脂血症）等信息。……