Detection Statusand Follow-up Dynamic Observation of Pulmonary Nodules in Patients with Respiratory Diseases/ZHU Qin，ZHANG Biao，WAN Renkuan，XIAO Qin，ZHANG Wenzhen，XIONG Wenhuan，YU Junlian.//Medical Innovation of China，2025，22（19）：144-148

[Abstract] Objective： To analyze the detection status of pulmonary nodules in patients with respiratory diseases and the main risk factors affecting the detection of pulmonary nodules，and evaluate the dynamic changes and malignant transformation risks of pulmonary nodules during the folow-up period.Method： A total of 528 patients who visited XiaoganFirst People's Hospital from March 2O23 toFebruary 2O24 were included.Allpatients completed the standardized questionnaire survey， physical examination and high resolution CT （HRCT） scan. According to whether pulmonary nodules were detected，the patients were divided into the nodule group （ n =142） and the non-nodule group（n=386）.Patients in the nodule group were followedupfor6 to12 months，and the evolution of pulmonary nodules during the folow-up period were observedand recorded.Univariateand multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors affecting the detection of pulmonary nodules in patients with respiratory diseases.Result：Among 528 patients with respiratory diseases，142 cases （26.89 % ）weredetected with pulmonary nodules. Among the 142 patients，101 cases （71.13 % ） completed the follow-up for 6-12 months， among which16 patients （15.84 % ）hadenlarged pulmonarynodulesor deteriorated morphologically，and6cases （5.94 % ） of themwere diagnosed as malignant lesions by further examination.Univariate analysis showed that there were significantdiferences inage，gender，living environment，occupation type andsmoking history between the two groups （ P lt;0.05）.The results of multivariate logistic regresson analysis showed that age，smoking history，gender， living environment and occupation type were independent risk factors for the detection of pulmonary nodules in patientswith respiratory diseases （ Plt;0.05 ）.Conclusion： Age， gender， living environment，occupation type and smoking historyare important risk factorsaffcting thedetectionof pulmonary nodulesinpatients with respiratory diseases.Regularfolow-upand HRCT screening of high-risk populations can identify potentially malignant nodules at an early stage and assist clinical decision-making and individualized intervention strategies.

[Key words]Pulmonary nodulesRespiratory diseasesHigh resolution CT Risk factors

First-author'saddress：Department of General Practice，Xiaogan First People'sHospital， Xiaogan 432100，China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2025.19.033

呼吸道疾病在全球的患病率及死亡率居高不下。随着工业化、环境污染加剧与人口老龄化，其已成为公共卫生重大挑战。肺部结节早期检出对患者意义重大，部分结节或为肺癌、肺结核等重症早期征兆，早诊早治可显著改善预后与生存质量。临床门诊中，患者多因咳嗽、胸闷等症状就诊，难以及时发现潜在肺部结节或恶性病变[。高分辨率CT（HRCT）能帮助临床医生精准观察肺实质，评估结节大小、密度类型（纯磨玻璃、部分实性、实性）及边缘特征，为诊断、随访提供精细影像学支持[2-3]。对门诊常规患者开展前瞻性研究，可从基线资料、随访情况等方面掌握结节自然史、良恶性演变及与临床因素的关联。本研究纳入孝感市第一人民医院收治的528例患者，经标准化问卷调查、体格检查、常规检测及HRCT扫描，系统评估528例呼吸道疾病患者肺部结节检出情况及影响因素，旨在为临床早期识别肺部结节提供科学依据，为个体化预防干预与诊疗决策提供参考。

1资料与方法

1.1一般资料

本研究采用前瞻性观察性研究设计，招募2023年3月一2024年2月在孝感市第一人民医院就诊的呼吸道疾病患者，共纳入528例。纳入标准：（1）能够独立完成问卷及配合相关检查；（2）确诊呼吸道疾病；（3）接受HRCT检查和必要的随访；（4）具备完成本研究全部过程的身体条件。排除标准：（1）有严重基础疾病或合并症；（2）处于妊娠期或哺乳期女性；（3）研究期间中途退出。研究开始前已通过本院医学伦理委员会审查并获得批准，所有患者均签署知情同意。……