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巨菌草营养特性及其作为蚯蚓饵料的应用优势及对策

2025-08-07青青秦梦婷廖鸿汪翰宇韩雪冰杨瑶君

安徽农学通报 2025年14期
关键词:菌草饵料蚯蚓

中图分类号 S816 文献标识码A 文章编号 1007-7731(2025)14-0092-04

DOI号 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.14.020

The nutritional characteristics of Pennisetum giganteum and its application and countermeasures asearthworm bait

QING Qing1,² QIN Mengting1,2 LIAO Hong1,2 WANG Hanyu1,2 HAN Xuebing1,2 YANG Yaojun 1,2 ( 1 KeyLaboratory of Bamboo Pest Control and Resource Development in Sichuan Province,Leshan Normal University,Leshan 614000, China; (20 2 Linzhu Science and Technology Innovation Industry Research Institute,Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China)

AbstractPennisetumgiganteumisanatural,green,andhigh yield foragewithrich nutritional value,good palatability,and high biomass.This article reviews the composition of Pennisetum giganteum and itsadvantages, challenges,and countermeasures asan earthworm bait.Pennisetum giganteum contains abundant protein,minerals (such as calcium and iron),and functional components like β -glucans and pectin. Its advantages as an earthworm bait include high productivityand nutritionalvalue,providing acontinuous organic matter supply;strong tilering abilityand well-developed root systems that enhance soil nutrient cycling and createa favorable habitatforearthworms;and its perennial growth cycle( 5-15 years)and low-cost organic matter production (approximately O.17 yuan /kg ),which improve economic efciency.However,challngessuch as slow biodegradation,variability incrudeproteinand other nutrients,and potentialsoil structure alterations (compactionorreduced porosity)must beadressed.Toovercome these limitations,strategies suchas microbial degradation,optimal harvestingtiming;intercropping with high-protein forage, developing composite baitand;strengthening scientific research to accelerate decomposition and enhanceutilization efficiency. This study provides a reference for the development of Pennisetum giganteum as an earthworm bait.

Keywords Pennisetum giganteum; earthworm bait; nutritional components;yield

蚯蚓在生态系统中扮演着至关重要的角色,其通过掘穴、摄食和排泄等活动改善土壤结构,为植物生长创造良好条件,还可以加速有机质的分解转化过程,将其转化为植物可吸收的营养物质。同时,蚯蚓养殖有助于降解有机废弃物,减轻垃圾处理压力[2。大蚯蚓的干燥体称为地龙(Pheretima),作为中药材具有活血通络、解热、镇痛、抗炎等多种作用[3]。地龙生长过程中需要大量的有机质(食物)以保证其生长发育,有机质不足会导致其生长慢、长势差,最终导致地龙体内氨基酸种类及数量发生改变,降低其药效[4-5]。然而过度捕捉等行为导致其野生资源量不断下降。因此,寻找一种高产优质的植物作为地龙的食物,是解决地龙资源短缺的有效途径之一。

巨菌草(Pennisetumgiganteum)属禾本科狼尾草属多年生植物,其产量高,是一种天然、绿色的优质高产饲草[6-8]。巨菌草作为优质牧草,其研究主要集中在肉羊[]山鸡[0]、肉鸭[1]、肉牛[2]等畜禽养殖上,如郝柳柳等[10研究表明,饲粮中添加 8% 的巨菌草可显著改善七彩山鸡的生长指标、屠宰性能和脂肪相关基因的表达;杜森有等[2研究发现,巨菌草青贮饲料可提高肉牛的日增重。目前。有关巨菌草用作蚯蚓饵料的相关研究较少。将巨菌草收割还田,其分解腐烂后产生大量有机质,可以满足蚯蚓生长繁育过程中对有机质的需求。本文阐述了巨菌草的主要成分,及其用作蚯蚓饵料的优势和存在的问题,并提出其促进蚯蚓生长繁育的技术措施,为该植物的高效利用提供参考。……

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